Isaiah 13:8 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: pangs, faces · What happens: affright, take, be, look · To what, where: hosts, hold, pain, one, faces

This is Isaiah 13:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — pangs, faces — and what happens in the verse to hosts, hold, pain, one, faces, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְֽנִבְהָ֓לוּ ׀ צִירִ֤ים וַֽחֲבָלִים֙ יֹֽאחֵז֔וּן כַּיּוֹלֵדָ֖ה יְחִיל֑וּן אִ֤ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ יִתְמָ֔הוּ פְּנֵ֥י לְהָבִ֖ים פְּנֵיהֶֽם׃

And they shall be affrighted; pangs and throes shall take hold of them; they shall be in pain as a woman in travail; they shall look aghast one at another; their faces shall be faces of flame.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 נִבְהָ֓לוּ	cc	and
2	נִבְהָ֓לוּ	בָּהַל	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they will be terrified
3	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	2 נִבְהָ֓לוּ	punct
4	צִירִ֤ים	צִיר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	7 יֹֽאחֵז֔וּ	nsubj	pangs
5	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 חֲבָלִים֙	cc	and
6	חֲבָלִים֙	חֵבֶל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	4 צִירִ֤ים	conj	labor-pains
7	יֹֽאחֵז֔וּ	אָחַז	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 נִבְהָ֓לוּ	parataxis	they
8	ן	נ	X	_	7 יֹֽאחֵז֔וּ	nmod	will seize [them]
9	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	11 יּוֹלֵדָ֖ה	case	like (the)
10	ה	הַ	SCONJ	_	11 יּוֹלֵדָ֖ה	mark	[woman
11	יּוֹלֵדָ֖ה	יָלַד	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	12 יְחִיל֑וּ	advcl	who] gives birth
12	יְחִיל֑וּ	חיל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 נִבְהָ֓לוּ	parataxis	they
13	ן	נ	X	_	12 יְחִיל֑וּ	nmod	will be in anguish
14	אִ֤ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 יִתְמָ֔הוּ	obl	each
15	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	16 רֵע	case	to
16	רֵע	רֵעַ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 אִ֤ישׁ	nmod	neighbor
17	ֵ֙הוּ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 רֵע	nmod:poss	his
18	יִתְמָ֔הוּ	תָּמַהּ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 נִבְהָ֓לוּ	parataxis	they will look in astonishment
19	פְּנֵ֥י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 נִבְהָ֓לוּ	parataxis	[will be] faces
20	לְהָבִ֖ים	לַהַב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	19 פְּנֵ֥י	compound:smixut	of flames
21	פְּנֵי	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 פְּנֵ֥י	nsubj	faces
22	הֶֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 פְּנֵי	nmod:poss	their
23	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	22 הֶֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
נִבְהָלוּ they will be terrified	weqatal · niphal
יֹֽאחֵזוּ they	yiqtol · qal	צִירִים pangs + חֲבָלִים labor-pains
יְחִילוּ they	yiqtol · qal
יִתְמָהוּ they will look in astonishment	yiqtol · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְיִתְבַּהֲלוּן עָקָא וְחֶבְלִין יֶחְדוּנוּנוּן זִיעַ כְּלֵידָתָא יְזוּעוּן גְבַר לְחַבְרֵיהּ יִתְמְהוּן אַפֵּי שַׁלְהוֹבִין אַפֵּיהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And they shall be affrighted; pangs and throes shall take hold of them; they shall be in pain as a woman in travail; they shall look aghast one at another; their faces shall be faces of flame.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:259.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.13.8/