Isaiah 15:3 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: heads, one · What happens: gird, howl, weep · To what, where: heads, streets

This is Isaiah 15:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — heads, one — and what happens in the verse to heads, streets, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

בְּחוּצֹתָ֖יו חָ֣גְרוּ שָׂ֑ק עַ֣ל גַּגּוֹתֶ֧יהָ וּבִרְחֹבֹתֶ֛יהָ כֻּלֹּ֥ה יְיֵלִ֖יל יֹרֵ֥ד בַּבֶּֽכִי׃

In their streets they gird themselves with sackcloth; on their housetops, and in their broad places, every one howleth, weeping profusely.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	2 חוּצֹתָ֖י	case	in
2	חוּצֹתָ֖י	חוּץ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	4 חָ֣גְרוּ	obl	streets
3	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 חוּצֹתָ֖י	nmod:poss	its
4	חָ֣גְרוּ	חָגַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they have girded on
5	שָׂ֑ק	שַׂק	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 חָ֣גְרוּ	obj	sackcloth
6	עַ֣ל	עַל	ADP	_	7 גַּגּוֹתֶ֧י	case	on
7	גַּגּוֹתֶ֧י	גָּג	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	15 יְיֵלִ֖יל	obl	roofs
8	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 גַּגּוֹתֶ֧י	nmod:poss	its
9	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 רְחֹבֹתֶ֛י	cc	and
10	בִ	בְּ	ADP	_	11 רְחֹבֹתֶ֛י	case	in
11	רְחֹבֹתֶ֛י	רְחֹב	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	7 גַּגּוֹתֶ֧י	conj	its open
12	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 רְחֹבֹתֶ֛י	nmod:poss	places
13	כֻּלּ	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 יְיֵלִ֖יל	nsubj	of it
14	ֹ֥ה	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 כֻּלּ	nmod:poss	all
15	יְיֵלִ֖יל	יָלַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	4 חָ֣גְרוּ	parataxis	it is wailing
16	יֹרֵ֥ד	יָרַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	4 חָ֣גְרוּ	parataxis	going down
17	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	19 בֶּֽכִי	case	in
18	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	19 בֶּֽכִי	det	(the)
19	בֶּֽכִי	בְּכִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 יֹרֵ֥ד	obl	weeping
20	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	19 בֶּֽכִי	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
חָגְרוּ they have girded on	qatal · qal		שָׂק sackcloth
יְיֵלִיל it is wailing	yiqtol · hiphil	ֹה all
יֹרֵד going down	participle active · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

בְּשׁוֹקֵיהוֹן יִסְרוּן סַקִין עַל אִיגָרֵיהוֹן וּבִרְחוֹבֵיהוֹן כּוּלְהוֹן מְיַלְלִין מְצַוְחִין וּבָכָן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

In their streets they gird themselves with sackcloth; on their housetops, and in their broad places, every one howleth, weeping profusely.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:308.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.15.3/