Isaiah 19:18 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: five cities · What happens: be, speak, swear, call · To what, where: language, one · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Isaiah 19:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — five cities — and what happens in the verse to language, one, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֡וּא יִהְיוּ֩ חָמֵ֨שׁ עָרִ֜ים בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֗יִם מְדַבְּרוֹת֙ שְׂפַ֣ת כְּנַ֔עַן וְנִשְׁבָּע֖וֹת לַיהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת עִ֣יר הַהֶ֔רֶס יֵאָמֵ֖ר לְאֶחָֽת׃ס

In that day there shall be five cities in the land of Egypt that speak the language of Canaan, and swear to the LORD of hosts; one shall be called The city of destruction.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	3 יּ֣וֹם	case	in
2	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	3 יּ֣וֹם	det	the
3	יּ֣וֹם	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 מְדַבְּרוֹת֙	obl	day
4	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 ה֡וּא	det	(the)
5	ה֡וּא	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 יּ֣וֹם	det	that
6	יִהְיוּ֩	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	12 מְדַבְּרוֹת֙	cop	they will be
7	חָמֵ֨שׁ	חָמֵשׁ	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	8 עָרִ֜ים	nummod	five
8	עָרִ֜ים	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	12 מְדַבְּרוֹת֙	nsubj	cities
9	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	10 אֶ֣רֶץ	case	in
10	אֶ֣רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 עָרִ֜ים	nmod	the land
11	מִצְרַ֗יִם	מִצְרַיִם	PROPN	_	10 אֶ֣רֶץ	compound:smixut	of Egypt
12	מְדַבְּרוֹת֙	דָבַר	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur	root	root	[which] speak
13	שְׂפַ֣ת	שָׂפָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	12 מְדַבְּרוֹת֙	obj	the language
14	כְּנַ֔עַן	כְּנַעַן	PROPN	_	13 שְׂפַ֣ת	compound:smixut	of Canaan
15	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 נִשְׁבָּע֖וֹת	cc	and [which]
16	נִשְׁבָּע֖וֹת	שָׁבַע	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur	12 מְדַבְּרוֹת֙	conj	swear an oath
17	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	18 יהוָ֣ה	case	to
18	יהוָ֣ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	16 נִשְׁבָּע֖וֹת	obl	Yahweh
19	צְבָא֑וֹת	צָבָא	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 יהוָ֣ה	compound:smixut	of hosts
20	עִ֣יר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	23 יֵאָמֵ֖ר	nsubj	the city
21	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	22 הֶ֔רֶס	det	of (the)
22	הֶ֔רֶס	הֶרֶס	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 עִ֣יר	compound:smixut	destruction
23	יֵאָמֵ֖ר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	12 מְדַבְּרוֹת֙	ccomp	it will be said
24	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	25 אֶחָֽת	case	of
25	אֶחָֽת	אֶחָד	NUM	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	23 יֵאָמֵ֖ר	obl	one
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 אֶחָֽת	punct
27	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	25 אֶחָֽת	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יִהְיוּ they will be	yiqtol · qal	עָרִים cities
מְדַבְּרוֹת [which] speak	participle active · piel	עָרִים cities	שְׂפַת the language
נִשְׁבָּעוֹת swear an oath	participle active · niphal	עָרִים cities
יֵאָמֵר it will be said	yiqtol · niphal		עִיר the city

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

בְעִדָנָא הַהִיא יֶהֶוְיָן חֲמֵשׁ קִרְוִין בְּאַרְעָא דְמִצְרַיִם מְמַלְלָן מַמְלַל כְּנַעֲנָאָה וְקַיְמָן בִּשְׁמָא דַייָ צְבָאוֹת קַרְתָּא בֵית שֶׁמֶשׁ דַעֲתִידָא לְמֶחְרַב יִתְאַמַר הִיא חֲדָא מִנְהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

In that day there shall be five cities in the land of Egypt that speak the language of Canaan, and swear to the LORD of hosts; one shall be called The city of destruction.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:367.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.19.18/