Isaiah 23:1 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ
Who acts: you, house · What happens: burden, howl, lay, be, enter, reveal · To what, where: Tyre, burden, ships, land
This is Isaiah 23:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, house — and what happens in the verse to Tyre, burden, ships, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
מַשָּׂ֖א צֹ֑ר הֵילִ֣ילוּ ׀ אֳנִיּ֣וֹת תַּרְשִׁ֗ישׁ כִּֽי־שֻׁדַּ֤ד מִבַּ֙יִת֙ מִבּ֔וֹא מֵאֶ֥רֶץ כִּתִּ֖ים נִגְלָה־לָֽמוֹ׃
The burden of Tyre. Howl, ye ships of Tarshish, for it is laid waste, so that there is no house, no entering in; from the land of Kittim it is revealed to them.
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | מַשָּׂ֖א | מַשָּׂא | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | root | root | the oracle |
| 2 | צֹ֑ר | צֹר | PROPN | _ | 1 מַשָּׂ֖א | compound:smixut | of Tyre |
| 3 | הֵילִ֣ילוּ | יָלַל | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=2 | 1 מַשָּׂ֖א | parataxis | wail |
| 4 | ׀ | ׀ | PUNCT | _ | 3 הֵילִ֣ילוּ | punct | |
| 5 | אֳנִיּ֣וֹת | אֳנִיָּה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Plur | 3 הֵילִ֣ילוּ | parataxis | O ships |
| 6 | תַּרְשִׁ֗ישׁ | תַּרְשִׁישׁ | PROPN | _ | 5 אֳנִיּ֣וֹת | compound:smixut | of Tarshish |
| 7 | כִּֽי־ | כִּי | SCONJ | _ | 8 שֻׁדַּ֤ד | mark | (dm) |
| 8 | שֻׁדַּ֤ד | שָׁדַד | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PUAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 1 מַשָּׂ֖א | advcl | it has been devastated |
| 9 | מִ | מִן | ADP | _ | 10 בַּ֙יִת֙ | case | from |
| 10 | בַּ֙יִת֙ | בַּיִת | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 8 שֻׁדַּ֤ד | obl | house |
| 11 | מִ | מִן | ADP | _ | 12 בּ֔וֹא | case | from |
| 12 | בּ֔וֹא | בּוֹא | VERB | HebBinyan=QAL | 8 שֻׁדַּ֤ד | advcl | coming |
| 13 | מֵ | מִן | ADP | _ | 14 אֶ֥רֶץ | case | from |
| 14 | אֶ֥רֶץ | אֶרֶץ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 נִגְלָה־ | obl | the land |
| 15 | כִּתִּ֖ים | כִּתִּיִּים | PROPN | _ | 14 אֶ֥רֶץ | compound:smixut | of Cyprus |
| 16 | נִגְלָה־ | גָּלָה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 1 מַשָּׂ֖א | parataxis | it has been revealed |
| 17 | לָֽ | לְ | ADP | _ | 18 מוֹ | case | to |
| 18 | מוֹ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 נִגְלָה־ | obl | them |
| 19 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 18 מוֹ | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| הֵילִילוּ wail | imperative · hiphil | אֳנִיּוֹת O ships | |||
| שֻׁדַּד it has been devastated | qatal · pual | צֹר of Tyre | |||
| בּוֹא coming | infinitive construct · qal |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
מַטָל כָּס דִלְוָט לְאַשְׁקָאָה יַת צוֹר אֵילִילוּ נָחֲתֵי סְפִינֵי יַמָא אֲרֵי אִתְבְּזִיזוּ מְחוֹזֵיהוֹן מִלְמֵיתֵי מֵאַרְעָא כִסְאֵי אָתֵי עֲלֵיהוֹן:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
- The burden of Tyre.
- Howl, ye ships of Tarshish, for it is laid waste, so that there is no house, no entering in; from the land of Kittim it is revealed to them.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:423.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.23.1/