Isaiah 28:18 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: agreement, scouring scourge, scourge, your · What happens: disannull, not stand, pass through, tread down, covenant, agree · To what, where: covenant, ye

This is Isaiah 28:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — agreement, scouring scourge, scourge, your — and what happens in the verse to covenant, ye, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְכֻפַּ֤ר בְּרִֽיתְכֶם֙ אֶת־מָ֔וֶת וְחָזוּתְכֶ֥ם אֶת־שְׁא֖וֹל לֹ֣א תָק֑וּם שׁ֤וֹט שׁוֹטֵף֙ כִּ֣י יַֽעֲבֹ֔ר וִהְיִ֥יתֶם ל֖וֹ לְמִרְמָֽס׃

And your covenant with death shall be disannulled and your agreement with the nether-world shall not stand; when the scouring scourge shall pass through, then ye shall be trodden down by it,

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 כֻפַּ֤ר	cc	and
2	כֻפַּ֤ר	כִּפֶּר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PUAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it will be annulled
3	בְּרִֽית	בְּרִית	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 כֻפַּ֤ר	nsubj	covenant
4	ְכֶם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 בְּרִֽית	nmod:poss	your
5	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	6 מָ֔וֶת	case	with
6	מָ֔וֶת	מָוֶת	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 בְּרִֽית	nmod	death
7	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 תָק֑וּם	cc	and
8	חָזוּת	חָזוּת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	13 תָק֑וּם	nsubj	agreement
9	ְכֶ֥ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 חָזוּת	nmod:poss	your
10	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	11 שְׁא֖וֹל	case	with
11	שְׁא֖וֹל	שְׁאוֹל	PROPN	_	8 חָזוּת	nmod	Sheol
12	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	13 תָק֑וּם	advmod	not
13	תָק֑וּם	קוּם	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 כֻפַּ֤ר	conj	it will stand
14	שׁ֤וֹט	שׁוֹט	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	23 מִרְמָֽס	dislocated	a scourge
15	שׁוֹטֵף֙	שָׁטַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	14 שׁ֤וֹט	nmod	overflowing
16	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	17 יַֽעֲבֹ֔ר	mark	(dm)
17	יַֽעֲבֹ֔ר	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	23 מִרְמָֽס	advcl	it will pass by
18	וִ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 מִרְמָֽס	cc	and
19	הְיִ֥יתֶם	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	23 מִרְמָֽס	cop	you will become
20	ל	לְ	ADP	_	21 ֖וֹ	case	for
21	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 מִרְמָֽס	obl	it
22	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	23 מִרְמָֽס	case	(into) a
23	מִרְמָֽס	מִרְמָס	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 כֻפַּ֤ר	parataxis	trampling place
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 מִרְמָֽס	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
כֻפַּר it will be annulled	weqatal · pual		בְּרִֽית covenant
not תָקוּם it will stand	yiqtol · qal	חָזוּת agreement
שׁוֹטֵף overflowing	participle active · qal	שׁוֹט a scourge
יַֽעֲבֹר it will pass by	yiqtol · qal	שׁוֹט a scourge
הְיִיתֶם you will become	weqatal · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וִיבַטֵל קִיָמְכוֹן דְעִם קָטוֹלָא וּשְׁלָמְכוֹן דְעִם מְחַבְּלָא לָא יִתְקַיָם מְחַת סָנְאָה אֲרֵי תֵיתֵי עֲלֵיכוֹן כְּנַחַל מַגְבַּר וּתְחוֹן לְהוֹן לְדָיִשׁ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And your covenant with death shall be disannulled and your agreement with the nether-world shall not stand; when the scouring scourge shall pass through, then ye shall be trodden down by it,

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:527.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.18/