Isaiah 28:19 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: agreement, it · What happens: pass through, take, be, understand · To what, where: you, sheer terror, message

This is Isaiah 28:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — agreement, it — and what happens in the verse to you, sheer terror, message, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

מִדֵּ֤י עָבְרוֹ֙ יִקַּ֣ח אֶתְכֶ֔ם כִּֽי־בַבֹּ֧קֶר בַּבֹּ֛קֶר יַעֲבֹ֖ר בַּיּ֣וֹם וּבַלָּ֑יְלָה וְהָיָ֥ה רַק־זְוָעָ֖ה הָבִ֥ין שְׁמוּעָֽה׃

As often as it passeth through, it shall take you; for morning by morning shall it pass through, by day and by night; and it shall be sheer terror to understand the message.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	2 דֵּ֤י	case	as
2	דֵּ֤י	דַּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 יִקַּ֣ח	obl	often as
3	עָבְר	עָבַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	2 דֵּ֤י	acl	it
4	וֹ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 עָבְר	nsubj	passes by
5	יִקַּ֣ח	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it will take
6	אֶת	אֵת	ADP	_	7 ְכֶ֔ם	case
7	ְכֶ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	5 יִקַּ֣ח	obj	you
8	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	15 יַעֲבֹ֖ר	mark	(dm)
9	בַ	בְּ	ADP	_	11 בֹּ֧קֶר	case	in
10	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 בֹּ֧קֶר	det	the
11	בֹּ֧קֶר	בֹּקֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 יַעֲבֹ֖ר	obl	morning
12	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	14 בֹּ֛קֶר	case	in
13	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 בֹּ֛קֶר	det	the
14	בֹּ֛קֶר	בֹּקֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 בֹּ֧קֶר	conj	morning
15	יַעֲבֹ֖ר	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	5 יִקַּ֣ח	advcl	it will pass by
16	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	18 יּ֣וֹם	case	in
17	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 יּ֣וֹם	det	the
18	יּ֣וֹם	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 יַעֲבֹ֖ר	obl	day
19	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 לָּ֑יְלָה	cc	and
20	בַ	בְּ	ADP	_	22 לָּ֑יְלָה	case	in
21	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	22 לָּ֑יְלָה	det	the
22	לָּ֑יְלָה	לַיְלָה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 יּ֣וֹם	conj	night
23	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 זְוָעָ֖ה	cc	and
24	הָיָ֥ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	26 זְוָעָ֖ה	cop	it will be
25	רַק־	רַק	ADV	_	26 זְוָעָ֖ה	advmod	only
26	זְוָעָ֖ה	זְוָעָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	5 יִקַּ֣ח	conj	terror
27	הָבִ֥ין	בִּין	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	26 זְוָעָ֖ה	nsubj	to understand
28	שְׁמוּעָֽה	שְׁמוּעָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	27 הָבִ֥ין	obj	[the] message
29	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	28 שְׁמוּעָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
עָבְר it	infinitive construct · qal	וֹ passes by
יִקַּח it will take	yiqtol · qal		ְכֶם you
יַעֲבֹר it will pass by	yiqtol · qal
הָיָה it will be	weqatal · qal	הָבִין to understand
הָבִין to understand	infinitive construct · hiphil		שְׁמוּעָֽה [the] message

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

בִּזְמַן מֶעֱדוֹהִי יְגַלֵי יַתְכוֹן אֲרֵי בִּצְפָר בִּצְפָר יֶעֱדִי בִּימָם וּבְלֵילִי וִיהֵי עַד לָא יִמְטֵי זְמַן לְוָטָא תִּסְתַּכְּלוּן בְּמִלֵי נְבִיַיָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

As often as it passeth through, it shall take you; for morning by morning shall it pass through, by day and by night; and it shall be sheer terror to understand the message.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:528.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.19/