Isaiah 28:22 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: ye, I · What happens: not be, make, determine, hear · To what, where: scoffers, bands, extermination

This is Isaiah 28:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, I — and what happens in the verse to scoffers, bands, extermination, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְעַתָּה֙ אַל־תִּתְלוֹצָ֔צוּ פֶּֽן־יֶחְזְק֖וּ מֽוֹסְרֵיכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־כָלָ֨ה וְנֶחֱרָצָ֜ה שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי מֵאֵ֨ת אֲדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת עַל־כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃

Now therefore be ye not scoffers, lest your bands be made strong; for an extermination wholly determined have I heard from the Lord, the GOD of hosts, upon the whole land.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 עַתָּה֙	cc	and
2	עַתָּה֙	עַתָּה	ADV	_	root	root	therefore
3	אַל־	אַל	ADV	_	4 תִּתְלוֹצָ֔צוּ	advmod	do not
4	תִּתְלוֹצָ֔צוּ	לִיץ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HITHPOLEL Number=Plur Person=2	2 עַתָּה֙	parataxis	show yourself a mocker
5	פֶּֽן־	פֶּן	SCONJ	_	6 יֶחְזְק֖וּ	mark	lest
6	יֶחְזְק֖וּ	חָזַק	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 עַתָּה֙	advcl	they should become strong
7	מֽוֹסְרֵי	מוֹסֵר	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 יֶחְזְק֖וּ	nsubj	fetters
8	כֶ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 מֽוֹסְרֵי	nmod:poss	your
9	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	13 שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי	mark	(dm)
10	כָלָ֨ה	כָּלָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	13 שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי	obj	complete destruction
11	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 נֶחֱרָצָ֜ה	cc	and
12	נֶחֱרָצָ֜ה	חָרַץ	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing	10 כָלָ֨ה	conj	[that which has been] determined
13	שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי	שָׁמַע	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	2 עַתָּה֙	advcl	I have heard
14	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	16 אֲדֹנ	case	from
15	אֵ֨ת	אֵת	ADP	_	16 אֲדֹנ	case	with
16	אֲדֹנ	אֲדֹנָי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	13 שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי	obl	Lord
17	ָ֧י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	16 אֲדֹנ	nmod:poss	[the]
18	יְהוִ֛ה	יְהֹוִה	PROPN	_	16 אֲדֹנ	appos	Yahweh
19	צְבָא֖וֹת	צָבָא	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 יְהוִ֛ה	compound:smixut	of hosts
20	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	21 כָּל־	case	on
21	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי	obl	all
22	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	23 אָֽרֶץ	det	the
23	אָֽרֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 כָּל־	compound:smixut	land
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 אָֽרֶץ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: speech with no frame
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
not תִּתְלוֹצָצוּ show yourself a mocker	jussive · hithpolel
יֶחְזְקוּ they should become strong	yiqtol · qal	מֽוֹסְרֵי fetters
נֶחֱרָצָה [that which has been] determined	participle active · niphal		כָלָה complete destruction
שָׁמַעְתִּי I have heard	qatal · qal		כָלָה complete destruction

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּכְעַן לָא תִתְרַשְׁעוּן דִלְמָא יִתְקְפוּן יְסוּרֵיכוֹן אֲרֵי גְמִירָא וְשֵׁיצָאָה שְׁמָעִית מִן קֳדָם יְיָ אֱלֹהִים צְבָאוֹת עַל כָּל יָתְבֵי אַרְעָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Now therefore be ye not scoffers, lest your bands be made strong; for an extermination wholly determined have I heard from the Lord, the GOD of hosts, upon the whole land.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:531.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.22/