Isaiah 28:22 · JPS 1917
Now therefore be ye not scoffers, lest your bands be made strong; for an extermination wholly determined have I heard from the Lord, the GOD of hosts, upon the whole land.
Who acts: ye, I · What happens: not be, make, determine, hear · To what, where: scoffers, bands, extermination
This is Isaiah 28:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ye, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 6 scoffers | advmod |
| 2 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 6 scoffers | advmod |
| 3 | be | be | AUX | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 6 scoffers | cop |
| 4 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 6 scoffers | nsubj |
| 5 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 scoffers | advmod |
| 6 | scoffers | scoffer | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 made | punct |
| 8 | lest | lest | SCONJ | _ | 12 made | mark |
| 9 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 bands | nmod:poss |
| 10 | bands | band | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 made | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 12 made | aux:pass |
| 12 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 scoffers | advcl |
| 13 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 made | xcomp |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 heard | punct |
| 15 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 22 heard | mark |
| 16 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 extermination | det |
| 17 | extermination | extermination | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 heard | obj |
| 18 | wholly | wholly | ADV | _ | 19 determined | advmod |
| 19 | determined | determine | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 extermination | acl |
| 20 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 heard | aux |
| 21 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 heard | nsubj |
| 22 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 scoffers | advcl |
| 23 | from | from | ADP | _ | 25 Lord | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 Lord | det |
| 25 | Lord | Lord | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 heard | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 GOD | punct |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 GOD | det |
| 28 | GOD | GOD | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 Lord | appos |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 hosts | case |
| 30 | hosts | host | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 GOD | nmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 land | punct |
| 32 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 35 land | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 land | det |
| 34 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 land | amod |
| 35 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 determined | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 scoffers | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- warn
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed form=imp, act=warn, voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not is a | infinitive | ye | scoffers | now | therefore property | tree rules | ||
| 2 | make | infinitive · passive | your bands | strong property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||
| 3 | determine | participle | a extermination not said here | upon the whole land; wholly property | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | hear | present · perfect | I | a extermination | from the Lord | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent extermination=Topic from lord=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְעַתָּה֙ אַל־תִּתְלוֹצָ֔צוּ פֶּֽן־יֶחְזְק֖וּ מֽוֹסְרֵיכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־כָלָ֨ה וְנֶחֱרָצָ֜ה שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי מֵאֵ֨ת אֲדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת עַל־כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
Isaiah 28:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:582 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.582/