Isaiah 28:24 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

What happens: not do, plow, sow · To what, where: plowman

This is Isaiah 28:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: what happens in the verse to plowman, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הֲכֹ֣ל הַיּ֔וֹם יַחֲרֹ֥שׁ הַחֹרֵ֖שׁ לִזְרֹ֑עַ יְפַתַּ֥ח וִֽישַׂדֵּ֖ד אַדְמָתֽוֹ׃

Is the plowman never done with plowing to sow, with the opening and harrowing of his ground?

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	5 יַחֲרֹ֥שׁ	advmod	?
2	כֹ֣ל	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 יַחֲרֹ֥שׁ	obl	all
3	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 יּ֔וֹם	det	the
4	יּ֔וֹם	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 כֹ֣ל	compound:smixut	day
5	יַחֲרֹ֥שׁ	חָרַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	does he plow
6	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 חֹרֵ֖שׁ	det	the
7	חֹרֵ֖שׁ	חָרַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	5 יַחֲרֹ֥שׁ	nsubj	plowman
8	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	9 זְרֹ֑עַ	case	to
9	זְרֹ֑עַ	זָרַע	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	5 יַחֲרֹ֥שׁ	advcl	sow
10	יְפַתַּ֥ח	פָּתַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	5 יַחֲרֹ֥שׁ	parataxis	does he loosen?
11	וִֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 ישַׂדֵּ֖ד	cc	and
12	ישַׂדֵּ֖ד	שָׂדַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	10 יְפַתַּ֥ח	conj	does he harrow?
13	אַדְמָת	אֲדָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	10 יְפַתַּ֥ח	obj	land
14	ֽוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 אַדְמָת	nmod:poss	his
15	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	14 ֽוֹ	punct

Pragmatics

form: yes/no question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יַחֲרֹשׁ does he plow	yiqtol · qal	חֹרֵשׁ plowman
זְרֹעַ sow	infinitive construct · qal	חֹרֵשׁ plowman
יְפַתַּח does he loosen?	yiqtol · piel	חֹרֵשׁ plowman	אַדְמָת land
ישַׂדֵּד does he harrow?	yiqtol · piel	חֹרֵשׁ plowman	אַדְמָת land

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

בְּכָל עִדָן מִתְנַבָּן נְבִיַיָא לַאֲלָפָא מָאִים יִתְפַּתְּחָן אוּדְנֵי חַיָבַיָא וִיקַבְּלוּן אוּלְפַן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Is the plowman never done with plowing to sow, with the opening and harrowing of his ground?

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:533.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.24/