Isaiah 30:16 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: ye, we, horses · What happens: say, flee, ride, pursue, be · To what, where: you · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Isaiah 30:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, we, horses — and what happens in the verse to you, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַתֹּ֨אמְר֥וּ לֹא־כִ֛י עַל־ס֥וּס נָנ֖וּס עַל־כֵּ֣ן תְּנוּס֑וּן וְעַל־קַ֣ל נִרְכָּ֔ב עַל־כֵּ֖ן יִקַּ֥לּוּ רֹדְפֵיכֶֽם׃

But ye said: 'No, for we will flee upon horses'; therefore shall ye flee; and: 'We will ride upon the swift'; therefore shall they that pursue you be swift.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 תֹּ֨אמְר֥וּ	cc	and
2	תֹּ֨אמְר֥וּ	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	root	root	you said
3	לֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	2 תֹּ֨אמְר֥וּ	ccomp	no
4	כִ֛י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	7 נָנ֖וּס	mark	(dm)
5	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	6 ס֥וּס	case	on
6	ס֥וּס	סוּס	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 נָנ֖וּס	obl	horse[s]
7	נָנ֖וּס	נוּס	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	3 לֹא־	advcl	we will flee
8	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	9 כֵּ֣ן	case	therefore
9	כֵּ֣ן	כֵּן	ADV	_	2 תֹּ֨אמְר֥וּ	conj
10	תְּנוּס֑וּ	נוּס	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	3 לֹא־	parataxis	you
11	ן	נ	X	_	10 תְּנוּס֑וּ	nmod	will flee
12	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 נִרְכָּ֔ב	cc	and
13	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	14 קַ֣ל	case	on
14	קַ֣ל	קַל	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 נִרְכָּ֔ב	obl	swift [horse][s]
15	נִרְכָּ֔ב	רָכַב	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	3 לֹא־	conj	we will ride
16	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	17 כֵּ֖ן	case	therefore
17	כֵּ֖ן	כֵּן	ADV	_	2 תֹּ֨אמְר֥וּ	conj
18	יִקַּ֥לּוּ	קָלַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	3 לֹא־	parataxis	they will prove swift
19	רֹדְפֵי	רָדַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	18 יִקַּ֥לּוּ	nsubj	[those
20	כֶֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	19 רֹדְפֵי	nmod:poss	who] pursue you
21	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	20 כֶֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
not תֹּאמְרוּ you said	wayyiqtol · qal
נָנוּס we will flee	yiqtol · qal
תְּנוּסוּ you	yiqtol · qal
נִרְכָּב we will ride	yiqtol · qal
יִקַּלּוּ they will prove swift	yiqtol · niphal	רֹדְפֵי [those
רֹדְפֵי [those	participle active · qal		כֶֽם who] pursue you

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַרְתּוּן לָא אֱלָהֵין עַל סוּסְוָתָא נֶעְרוֹק וְעַל כֵּן תַּעַרְקוּן וְעַל קַלִילִין נִרְכּוּב עַל כֵּן יְהוֹן קַלִילִין רָדְפֵיכוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

But ye said: 'No, for we will flee upon horses'; therefore shall ye flee; and: 'We will ride upon the swift'; therefore shall they that pursue you be swift.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:578.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.30.16/