Isaiah 31:3 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: Egyptians, horses, LORD · What happens: be, flesh, stretch out, help, stumble, fall · To what, where: men, hand

This is Isaiah 31:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Egyptians, horses, LORD — and what happens in the verse to men, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וּמִצְרַ֤יִם אָדָם֙ וְֽלֹא־אֵ֔ל וְסוּסֵיהֶ֥ם בָּשָׂ֖ר וְלֹא־ר֑וּחַ וַֽיהוָ֞ה יַטֶּ֣ה יָד֗וֹ וְכָשַׁ֤ל עוֹזֵר֙ וְנָפַ֣ל עָזֻ֔ר וְיַחְדָּ֖ו כֻּלָּ֥ם יִכְלָיֽוּן׃ס

Now the Egyptians are men, and not God, and their horses flesh, and not spirit; so when the LORD shall stretch out His hand, both he that helpeth shall stumble, and he that is helped shall fall, and they all shall perish together.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	3 אָדָם֙	cc	and
2	מִצְרַ֤יִם	מִצְרַיִם	PROPN	_	3 אָדָם֙	nsubj	Egypt
3	אָדָם֙	אָדָם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	root	root	[is] humankind
4	וְֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 אֵ֔ל	cc	and
5	לֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	6 אֵ֔ל	advmod	not
6	אֵ֔ל	אֵל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 אָדָם֙	conj	God
7	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 בָּשָׂ֖ר	cc	and
8	סוּסֵי	סוּס	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	10 בָּשָׂ֖ר	nsubj	horses
9	הֶ֥ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 סוּסֵי	nmod:poss	their
10	בָּשָׂ֖ר	בָּשָׂר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 אָדָם֙	conj	[are] flesh
11	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 ר֑וּחַ	cc	and
12	לֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	13 ר֑וּחַ	advmod	not
13	ר֑וּחַ	רוּחַ	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 בָּשָׂ֖ר	conj	spirit
14	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 יַטֶּ֣ה	cc	and
15	יהוָ֞ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	16 יַטֶּ֣ה	nsubj	Yahweh
16	יַטֶּ֣ה	נָטָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	3 אָדָם֙	conj	he will stretch out
17	יָד	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 יַטֶּ֣ה	obj	hand
18	֗וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 יָד	nmod:poss	his
19	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 כָשַׁ֤ל	cc	and
20	כָשַׁ֤ל	כָּשַׁל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	16 יַטֶּ֣ה	conj	he will stumble
21	עוֹזֵר֙	עָזַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	20 כָשַׁ֤ל	nsubj	[the one who] helps
22	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 נָפַ֣ל	cc	and
23	נָפַ֣ל	נָפַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	20 כָשַׁ֤ל	conj	he will fall
24	עָזֻ֔ר	עָזַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	23 נָפַ֣ל	nsubj	[the one who is] helped
25	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	29 יִכְלָיֽוּ	cc	and
26	יַחְדָּ֖ו	יָחְדָּו	ADV	_	29 יִכְלָיֽוּ	advmod	together
27	כֻּלּ	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	29 יִכְלָיֽוּ	nsubj	of them
28	ָ֥ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 כֻּלּ	nmod:poss	all
29	יִכְלָיֽוּ	כָּלָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	20 כָשַׁ֤ל	conj	they
30	ן	נ	X	_	29 יִכְלָיֽוּ	nmod	will come to an end
31	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	30 ן	punct
32	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	30 ן	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	who makes it happen (AA)
יַטֶּה he will stretch out	yiqtol · hiphil	יָד hand	יהוָה Yahweh
כָשַׁל he will stumble	weqatal · qal	עוֹזֵר [the one who] helps
עוֹזֵר [the one who] helps	participle active · qal	מִצְרַיִם Egypt
נָפַל he will fall	weqatal · qal	עָזֻר [the one who is] helped
עָזֻר [the one who is] helped	participle passive · qal
יִכְלָיֽוּ they	yiqtol · qal	ָם all

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּמִצְרַיִם אֱנַשׁ וְלָא רָב וְסוּסְוָתְהוֹן בְּסַר וְלָא רוּחַ וַיָי יָרִים מְחַת גְבוּרְתֵּהּ וְיִתְקַל סָעִיד וְיִפּוֹל סָעִיד וְכַחֲדָא כּוּלְהוֹן יִשְׁתֵּיצוּן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Now the Egyptians are men, and not God, and their horses flesh, and not spirit; so when the LORD shall stretch out His hand, both he that helpeth shall stumble, and he that is helped shall fall, and they all shall perish together.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:598.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.31.3/