Isaiah 33:8 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ
Who acts: highways, wayfaring man, man · What happens: lie, cease, break, despise, not regard · To what, where: covenant, cities, man
This is Isaiah 33:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — highways, wayfaring man, man — and what happens in the verse to covenant, cities, man, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
נָשַׁ֣מּוּ מְסִלּ֔וֹת שָׁבַ֖ת עֹבֵ֣ר אֹ֑רַח הֵפֵ֤ר בְּרִית֙ מָאַ֣ס עָרִ֔ים לֹ֥א חָשַׁ֖ב אֱנֽוֹשׁ׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | נָשַׁ֣מּוּ | שָׁמֵם | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3 | root | root | they have been made desolate |
| 2 | מְסִלּ֔וֹת | מְסִלָּה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Plur | 1 נָשַׁ֣מּוּ | nsubj | highways |
| 3 | שָׁבַ֖ת | שָׁבַת | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 1 נָשַׁ֣מּוּ | parataxis | he has ceased |
| 4 | עֹבֵ֣ר | עָבַר | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing | 3 שָׁבַ֖ת | nsubj | [one who] passes by |
| 5 | אֹ֑רַח | אֹרַח | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 עֹבֵ֣ר | compound:smixut | of a path |
| 6 | הֵפֵ֤ר | פָּרַר | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3 | 1 נָשַׁ֣מּוּ | parataxis | someone has broken |
| 7 | בְּרִית֙ | בְּרִית | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 6 הֵפֵ֤ר | obj | a covenant |
| 8 | מָאַ֣ס | מָאַס | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 1 נָשַׁ֣מּוּ | parataxis | someone has rejected |
| 9 | עָרִ֔ים | עִיר | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Plur | 8 מָאַ֣ס | obj | cities |
| 10 | לֹ֥א | לֹא | ADV | _ | 11 חָשַׁ֖ב | advmod | not |
| 11 | חָשַׁ֖ב | חָשַׁב | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 1 נָשַׁ֣מּוּ | parataxis | anyone has valued |
| 12 | אֱנֽוֹשׁ | אֱנוֹשׁ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 11 חָשַׁ֖ב | obj | humankind |
| 13 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 12 אֱנֽוֹשׁ | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- speech
- narration
- negation
- yes
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| נָשַׁמּוּ they have been made desolate | qatal · niphal | מְסִלּוֹת highways | |||
| שָׁבַת he has ceased | qatal · qal | עֹבֵר [one who] passes by | |||
| הֵפֵר someone has broken | qatal · hiphil | בְּרִית a covenant | |||
| מָאַס someone has rejected | qatal · qal | עָרִים cities | |||
| not חָשַׁב anyone has valued | qatal · qal | אֱנֽוֹשׁ humankind |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
צְדִיאוּ כִבְשַׁיָא פְּסָקוּ עָדֵי אוֹרְחָא עַל דְאַשְׁנִיאוּ קְיָמָא אִיתְרְחִיקוּ מִקִרְוֵיהוֹן לָא חֲשִׁיבוּ בְנֵי אֱנָשָׁא דְבִישְׁתָּא אַתְיָא עֲלֵיהוֹן:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:632.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.33.8/