Isaiah 37:19 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: countries, hands · What happens: cast, be, destroy, work · To what, where: gods, fire, men

This is Isaiah 37:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — countries, hands — and what happens in the verse to gods, fire, men, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְנָתֹ֥ן אֶת־אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם בָּאֵ֑שׁ כִּי֩ לֹ֨א אֱלֹהִ֜ים הֵ֗מָּה כִּ֣י אִם־מַעֲשֵׂ֧ה יְדֵֽי־אָדָ֛ם עֵ֥ץ וָאֶ֖בֶן וַֽיְאַבְּדֽוּם׃

and have cast their gods into the fire; for they were no gods, but the work of men's hands, wood and stone; therefore they have destroyed them.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 נָתֹ֥ן	cc	and
2	נָתֹ֥ן	נָתַן	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	root	root	they have put
3	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	4 אֱלֹהֵי	case	(et)
4	אֱלֹהֵי	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 נָתֹ֥ן	obj	gods
5	הֶ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 אֱלֹהֵי	nmod:poss	their
6	בָּ	בְּ	ADP	_	8 אֵ֑שׁ	case	in
7	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 אֵ֑שׁ	det	the
8	אֵ֑שׁ	אֵשׁ	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 נָתֹ֥ן	obl	fire
9	כִּי֩	כִּי	SCONJ	_	11 אֱלֹהִ֜ים	mark	(dm)
10	לֹ֨א	לֹא	ADV	_	11 אֱלֹהִ֜ים	advmod	not
11	אֱלֹהִ֜ים	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 נָתֹ֥ן	advcl	[were] gods
12	הֵ֗מָּה	הֵמָּה	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 אֱלֹהִ֜ים	nsubj	they
13	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	15 מַעֲשֵׂ֧ה	mark	(dm)
14	אִם־	אִם	SCONJ	_	13 כִּ֣י	fixed	(if)
15	מַעֲשֵׂ֧ה	מַעֲשֶׂה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 אֱלֹהִ֜ים	parataxis	[the] work
16	יְדֵֽי־	יָד	NOUN	Number=Dual	15 מַעֲשֵׂ֧ה	compound:smixut	of [the] hands
17	אָדָ֛ם	אָדָם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 יְדֵֽי־	compound:smixut	of humankind
18	עֵ֥ץ	עֵץ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 מַעֲשֵׂ֧ה	appos	wood
19	וָ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 אֶ֖בֶן	cc	and
20	אֶ֖בֶן	אֶבֶן	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	18 עֵ֥ץ	conj	stone
21	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 יְאַבְּדֽוּ	cc	and
22	יְאַבְּדֽוּ	אָבַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=3	2 נָתֹ֥ן	conj	they
23	ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 יְאַבְּדֽוּ	obj	have destroyed them
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 ם	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
נָתֹן they have put	infinitive absolute · qal		אֱלֹהֵי gods
יְאַבְּדֽוּ they	wayyiqtol · piel		ם have destroyed them

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּמוֹקְדִין יַת טַעֲוַתְהוֹן בְּנוּרָא אֲרֵי לָא טַעֲוָן דְאִית בְּהוֹן צְרוֹךְ אִינוּן אֱלָהֵין עוֹבַד יְדֵי אֱנָשָׁא אָעָא וְאַבְנָא וְאַבְּדוּנוּן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

and have cast their gods into the fire; for they were no gods, but the work of men's hands, wood and stone; therefore they have destroyed them.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:716.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.19/