Isaiah 37:18 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ
Who acts: kings · What happens: lay waste · To what, where: countries
This is Isaiah 37:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — kings — and what happens in the verse to countries, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
אָמְנָ֖ם יְהוָ֑ה הֶחֱרִ֜יבוּ מַלְכֵ֥י אַשּׁ֛וּר אֶת־כָּל־הָאֲרָצ֖וֹת וְאֶת־אַרְצָֽם׃
Of a truth, LORD, the kings of Assyria have laid waste all the countries, and their land,
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | אָמְנָ֖ם | אׇמְנָם | ADV | _ | 2 יְהוָ֑ה | advmod | truly |
| 2 | יְהוָ֑ה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | root | root | O Yahweh |
| 3 | הֶחֱרִ֜יבוּ | חָרֵב | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3 | 2 יְהוָ֑ה | parataxis | they have made desolate |
| 4 | מַלְכֵ֥י | מֶלֶךְ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 3 הֶחֱרִ֜יבוּ | nsubj | the kings |
| 5 | אַשּׁ֛וּר | אַשּׁוּר | PROPN | _ | 4 מַלְכֵ֥י | compound:smixut | of Assyria |
| 6 | אֶת־ | אֵת | ADP | _ | 7 כָּל־ | case | (et) |
| 7 | כָּל־ | כֹּל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 3 הֶחֱרִ֜יבוּ | obj | all |
| 8 | הָ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 9 אֲרָצ֖וֹת | det | the |
| 9 | אֲרָצ֖וֹת | אֶרֶץ | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 כָּל־ | compound:smixut | lands |
| 10 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 12 אַרְצ | cc | and |
| 11 | אֶת־ | אֵת | ADP | _ | 12 אַרְצ | case | (et) |
| 12 | אַרְצ | אֶרֶץ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 כָּל־ | conj | land |
| 13 | ָֽם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 אַרְצ | nmod:poss | their |
| 14 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 13 ָֽם | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| הֶחֱרִיבוּ they have made desolate | qatal · hiphil | אֲרָצוֹת lands + אַרְצ land | מַלְכֵי the kings |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
בְּקוּשְׁטָא יְיָ אַחְרִיבוּ מַלְכֵי אַתּוּר יַת כָּל מְדִינָתָא וְיַת אַרְעֲהוֹן:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:715.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.18/