Isaiah 37:26 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: thou, I · What happens: not hear, make, fashion, bring, pass, do · To what, where: water, fortified cities, ruinous heaps

This is Isaiah 37:26 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou, I — and what happens in the verse to water, fortified cities, ruinous heaps, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הֲלֽוֹא־שָׁמַ֤עְתָּ לְמֵֽרָחוֹק֙ אוֹתָ֣הּ עָשִׂ֔יתִי מִ֥ימֵי קֶ֖דֶם וִיצַרְתִּ֑יהָ עַתָּ֣ה הֲבֵאתִ֔יהָ וּתְהִ֗י לְהַשְׁא֛וֹת גַּלִּ֥ים נִצִּ֖ים עָרִ֥ים בְּצֻרֽוֹת׃

Hast thou not heard? Long ago I made it, in ancient times I fashioned it; now have I brought it to pass, yea, it is done; that fortified cities should be laid waste into ruinous heaps.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	3 שָׁמַ֤עְתָּ	advmod	?
2	לֽוֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	3 שָׁמַ֤עְתָּ	advmod	not
3	שָׁמַ֤עְתָּ	שָׁמַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	root	root	have you heard
4	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	6 רָחוֹק֙	case	(to) from
5	מֵֽ	מִן	ADP	_	6 רָחוֹק֙	case	distant
6	רָחוֹק֙	רָחֹוק	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 עָשִׂ֔יתִי	obl	[time]
7	אוֹת	אֵת	ADP	_	8 ָ֣הּ	case
8	ָ֣הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 עָשִׂ֔יתִי	obj	it
9	עָשִׂ֔יתִי	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	3 שָׁמַ֤עְתָּ	parataxis	I appointed
10	מִ֥	מִן	ADP	_	11 ימֵי	case	from
11	ימֵי	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	14 יצַרְתִּ֑י	dislocated	days
12	קֶ֖דֶם	קֶדֶם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 ימֵי	compound:smixut	of antiquity
13	וִ	וְ	CCONJ	_	14 יצַרְתִּ֑י	cc	and
14	יצַרְתִּ֑י	יָצַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	3 שָׁמַ֤עְתָּ	parataxis	I
15	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 יצַרְתִּ֑י	obj	planned it
16	עַתָּ֣ה	עַתָּה	ADV	_	17 הֲבֵאתִ֔י	advmod	now
17	הֲבֵאתִ֔י	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1	3 שָׁמַ֤עְתָּ	parataxis	I
18	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 הֲבֵאתִ֔י	obj	have brought it
19	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 הַשְׁא֛וֹת	cc	and
20	תְהִ֗י	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	22 הַשְׁא֛וֹת	cop	you are
21	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	22 הַשְׁא֛וֹת	case	[about] to
22	הַשְׁא֛וֹת	שָׁאָה	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	3 שָׁמַ֤עְתָּ	conj	make desolate
23	גַּלִּ֥ים	גַּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	22 הַשְׁא֛וֹת	xcomp	heaps
24	נִצִּ֖ים	נָצָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur	23 גַּלִּ֥ים	nmod	ruined
25	עָרִ֥ים	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	22 הַשְׁא֛וֹת	obj	cities
26	בְּצֻרֽוֹת	בָּצוּר	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	25 עָרִ֥ים	amod	fortified
27	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	26 בְּצֻרֽוֹת	punct

Pragmatics

form: yes/no question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
not שָׁמַעְתָּ have you heard	qatal · qal
עָשִׂיתִי I appointed	qatal · qal		ָהּ it
יצַרְתִּי I	weqatal · qal		הָ planned it
הֲבֵאתִי I	qatal · hiphil	הָ have brought it
תְהִי you are	jussive · qal
הַשְׁאוֹת make desolate	infinitive construct · hiphil	עָרִים cities
נִצִּים ruined	participle active · niphal		גַּלִּים heaps

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

הֲלָא שְׁמַעְתָּא מִלְקַדְמִין מָא עֲבָדִית לְפַרְעֹה מַלְכָּא דְמִצְרַיִם וְאַף עֲלָךְ אִתְנַבִּיאוּ נְבִיֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְלָא תַבְתָּא וְדָא חַזְיָא קֳדָמַי מִיוֹמֵי קֳדָם לְמֶעְבַּד לָךְ וְאַף אַתְקֵנְתָּא כְּעַן אַיְתֵיתָה וְדָא הֲוָת לָךְ לְתַקָלָא עַל דַהֲוָאָה קֳדָמָךְ כְּאִתְרְגוּשַׁת גַלִין דִשְׁחוֹ קִרְוִין כְּרִיכָן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:723.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.26/