Isaiah 37:27 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: inhabitants · What happens: be, dismay, confound, grow up · To what, where: inhabitants, city

This is Isaiah 37:27 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — inhabitants — and what happens in the verse to inhabitants, city, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְיֹֽשְׁבֵיהֶן֙ קִצְרֵי־יָ֔ד חַ֖תּוּ וָבֹ֑שׁוּ הָי֞וּ עֵ֤שֶׂב שָׂדֶה֙ וִ֣ירַק דֶּ֔שֶׁא חֲצִ֣יר גַּגּ֔וֹת וּשְׁדֵמָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י קָמָֽה׃

Therefore their inhabitants were of small power, they were dismayed and confounded; they were as the grass of the field, and as the green herb, as the grass on the housetops, and as a field of corn before it is grown up.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	4 קִצְרֵי־	cc	and
2	יֹֽשְׁבֵי	יָשַׁב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	4 קִצְרֵי־	nsubj	inhabitants
3	הֶן֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 יֹֽשְׁבֵי	nmod:poss	their
4	קִצְרֵי־	קָצֵר	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	root	root	[were] short
5	יָ֔ד	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 קִצְרֵי־	compound:smixut	of hand
6	חַ֖תּוּ	חָתַת	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	4 קִצְרֵי־	parataxis	they were dismayed
7	וָ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 בֹ֑שׁוּ	cc	and
8	בֹ֑שׁוּ	בּוֹשׁ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	6 חַ֖תּוּ	conj	they were ashamed
9	הָי֞וּ	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	10 עֵ֤שֶׂב	cop	they were
10	עֵ֤שֶׂב	עֵשֶׂב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 קִצְרֵי־	parataxis	vegetation
11	שָׂדֶה֙	שָׂדֶה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 עֵ֤שֶׂב	compound:smixut	of [the] field
12	וִ֣	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 ירַק	cc	and
13	ירַק	יָרָק	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 עֵ֤שֶׂב	conj	greenery
14	דֶּ֔שֶׁא	דֶּשֶׁא	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 ירַק	compound:smixut	of fresh grass
15	חֲצִ֣יר	חָצִיר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 עֵ֤שֶׂב	conj	grass
16	גַּגּ֔וֹת	גָּג	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	15 חֲצִ֣יר	compound:smixut	of roofs
17	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 שְׁדֵמָ֖ה	cc	and
18	שְׁדֵמָ֖ה	שְׁדֵמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	10 עֵ֤שֶׂב	conj	a field
19	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	20 פְנֵ֥י	case	before
20	פְנֵ֥י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 שְׁדֵמָ֖ה	nmod
21	קָמָֽה	קָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	20 פְנֵ֥י	compound:smixut	standing grain
22	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	21 קָמָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
חַתּוּ they were dismayed	qatal · qal	יֹֽשְׁבֵי inhabitants
בֹשׁוּ they were ashamed	qatal · qal	יֹֽשְׁבֵי inhabitants
הָיוּ they were	qatal · qal	יֹֽשְׁבֵי inhabitants

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְיָתְבֵיהוֹן אִתְקַצֵר חֵילֵיהוֹן אִתְבָּרוּ וּבְהִיתוּ הֲווֹ כְּעֵשֶׂב חַקְלַיָא וִירוֹק דִתְאָה כְּעֵשֶׂב אִגָרַיָא דִשְׁלוֹק עַד לָא מָטֵא לְמֶהֱוֵי שׁוּבְּלִין:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Therefore their inhabitants were of small power, they were dismayed and confounded; they were as the grass of the field, and as the green herb, as the grass on the housetops, and as a field of corn before it is grown up.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:724.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.27/