Isaiah 37:26 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2
Long ago I made it, in ancient times I fashioned it; now have I brought it to pass, yea, it is done; that fortified cities should be laid waste into ruinous heaps.
Who acts: I · What happens: make, fashion, bring, pass, do, fortify · To what, where: water, fortified cities, ruinous heaps
This is Isaiah 37:26 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 2 ago | advmod |
| 2 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 4 made | advmod |
| 3 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 made | nsubj |
| 4 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 made | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 fashioned | punct |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 times | case |
| 8 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 times | amod |
| 9 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 fashioned | obl |
| 10 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 fashioned | nsubj |
| 11 | fashioned | fashion | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 made | parataxis |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 fashioned | obj |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 brought | punct |
| 14 | now | now | ADV | _ | 17 brought | advmod |
| 15 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 brought | aux |
| 16 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 brought | nsubj |
| 17 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 made | parataxis |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 brought | obj |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 pass | mark |
| 20 | pass | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 brought | xcomp |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 done | punct |
| 22 | yea | yea | INTJ | _ | 26 done | discourse |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 yea | punct |
| 24 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 done | nsubj:pass |
| 25 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 done | aux:pass |
| 26 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 brought | parataxis |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 laid | punct |
| 28 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 33 laid | mark |
| 29 | fortified | fortify | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 cities | amod |
| 30 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 laid | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 33 laid | aux |
| 32 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 33 laid | aux:pass |
| 33 | laid | lay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 made | parataxis |
| 34 | waste | waste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 laid | xcomp |
| 35 | into | into | ADP | _ | 37 heaps | case |
| 36 | ruinous | ruinous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 heaps | amod |
| 37 | heaps | heap | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 laid | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 made | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | I | water | ago property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Product | |||
| 2 | fashion | past | I | water | time | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Product | |||
| 3 | bring | present · perfect | I | water | now | tree rules | |||
| 4 | pass | to-infinitive | I not said here | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | do | present · passive | water | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | |||||
| 6 | fortify | participle | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 7 | lay | should · passive | fortified cities | ruinous heaps | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
הֲלֽוֹא־שָׁמַ֤עְתָּ לְמֵֽרָחוֹק֙ אוֹתָ֣הּ עָשִׂ֔יתִי מִ֥ימֵי קֶ֖דֶם וִיצַרְתִּ֑יהָ עַתָּ֣ה הֲבֵאתִ֔יהָ וּתְהִ֗י לְהַשְׁא֛וֹת גַּלִּ֥ים נִצִּ֖ים עָרִ֥ים בְּצֻרֽוֹת׃
Isaiah 37:26: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
This verse in JPS 1917:
- Hast thou not heard?
- Long ago I made it, in ancient times I fashioned it; now have I brought it to pass, yea, it is done; that fortified cities should be laid waste into ruinous heaps.
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:ISA:789 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.789/