Isaiah 42:15 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: I, rivers · What happens: make, dry up, island · To what, where: waste mountains, herbs, pools

This is Isaiah 42:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, rivers — and what happens in the verse to waste mountains, herbs, pools, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

אַחֲרִ֤יב הָרִים֙ וּגְבָע֔וֹת וְכָל־עֶשְׂבָּ֖ם אוֹבִ֑ישׁ וְשַׂמְתִּ֤י נְהָרוֹת֙ לָֽאִיִּ֔ים וַאֲגַמִּ֖ים אוֹבִֽישׁ׃

I will make waste mountains and hills, and dry up all their herbs; and I will make the rivers islands, and will dry up the pools.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	אַחֲרִ֤יב	חָרֵב	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1	root	root	I will lay waste
2	הָרִים֙	הַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	1 אַחֲרִ֤יב	obj	mountains
3	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	4 גְבָע֔וֹת	cc	and
4	גְבָע֔וֹת	גִּבְעָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	2 הָרִים֙	conj	hills
5	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 אוֹבִ֑ישׁ	cc	and
6	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 אוֹבִ֑ישׁ	obj	all
7	עֶשְׂבּ	עֵשֶׂב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 כָל־	compound:smixut	vegetation
8	ָ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 עֶשְׂבּ	nmod:poss	their
9	אוֹבִ֑ישׁ	יָבֵשׁ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1	1 אַחֲרִ֤יב	conj	I will dry up
10	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 שַׂמְתִּ֤י	cc	and
11	שַׂמְתִּ֤י	שׂים	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	1 אַחֲרִ֤יב	conj	I will make
12	נְהָרוֹת֙	נָהָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	11 שַׂמְתִּ֤י	obj	rivers
13	לָֽ	לְ	ADP	_	15 אִיִּ֔ים	case	(into
14	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 אִיִּ֔ים	det	the
15	אִיִּ֔ים	אִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	11 שַׂמְתִּ֤י	obl	islands
16	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 אוֹבִֽישׁ	cc	and
17	אֲגַמִּ֖ים	אֲגַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	18 אוֹבִֽישׁ	obj	pools
18	אוֹבִֽישׁ	יָבֵשׁ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1	1 אַחֲרִ֤יב	conj	I will dry up
19	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	18 אוֹבִֽישׁ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: promise
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
אַחֲרִיב I will lay waste	yiqtol · hiphil	הָרִים mountains + גְבָעוֹת hills
אוֹבִישׁ I will dry up	yiqtol · hiphil	עֶשְׂבּ vegetation
שַׂמְתִּי I will make	weqatal · qal		נְהָרוֹת rivers
אוֹבִֽישׁ I will dry up	yiqtol · hiphil	אֲגַמִּים pools

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

אַחֲרִיב טוּרִין וְרָמָן וְכָל עִסְבֵּיהוֹן אֲיַבֵּשׁ וַאֲשַׁוֵי נַהֲרִין לְנַגְוָן וַאֲגַמִין אֲיַבֵּשׁ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

I will make waste mountains and hills, and dry up all their herbs; and I will make the rivers islands, and will dry up the pools.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:840.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.42.15/