Isaiah 45:8 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: you, skies, earth, heavens, Israel, I · What happens: drop down, let, pour down, open, bring, cause · To what, where: skies, righteousness, earth, salvation, Israel

This is Isaiah 45:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, skies, earth, heavens, Israel, I — and what happens in the verse to skies, righteousness, earth, salvation, Israel, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הַרְעִ֤יפוּ שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ מִמַּ֔עַל וּשְׁחָקִ֖ים יִזְּלוּ־צֶ֑דֶק תִּפְתַּח־אֶ֣רֶץ וְיִפְרוּ־יֶ֗שַׁע וּצְדָקָ֤ה תַצְמִ֙יחַ֙ יַ֔חַד אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּרָאתִֽיו׃ס

Drop down, ye heavens, from above, and let the skies pour down righteousness; let the earth open, that they may bring forth salvation, and let her cause righteousness to spring up together; I the LORD have created it.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הַרְעִ֤יפוּ	רָעַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=2	root	root	drip down
2	שָׁמַ֙יִם֙	שָׁמַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	1 הַרְעִ֤יפוּ	dislocated	O heaven
3	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	4 מַּ֔עַל	case	(from)
4	מַּ֔עַל	מַעַל	ADV	_	1 הַרְעִ֤יפוּ	obl	above
5	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 יִזְּלוּ־	cc	and
6	שְׁחָקִ֖ים	שַׁחַק	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	7 יִזְּלוּ־	nsubj	clouds
7	יִזְּלוּ־	נָזַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	1 הַרְעִ֤יפוּ	conj	let them flow
8	צֶ֑דֶק	צֶדֶק	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 יִזְּלוּ־	obl	righteousness
9	תִּפְתַּח־	פָּתַח	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	1 הַרְעִ֤יפוּ	parataxis	let it open up
10	אֶ֣רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 תִּפְתַּח־	nsubj	[the] earth
11	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 יִפְרוּ־	cc	and
12	יִפְרוּ־	פָּרָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	1 הַרְעִ֤יפוּ	conj	let them bear fruit
13	יֶ֗שַׁע	יֵשַׁע	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 יִפְרוּ־	obj	salvation
14	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 תַצְמִ֙יחַ֙	cc	and
15	צְדָקָ֤ה	צְדָקָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	16 תַצְמִ֙יחַ֙	nsubj	righteousness
16	תַצְמִ֙יחַ֙	צָמַח	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	1 הַרְעִ֤יפוּ	conj	let it cause to sprout
17	יַ֔חַד	יַחַד	ADV	_	16 תַצְמִ֙יחַ֙	advmod	together
18	אֲנִ֥י	אֲנִי	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	19 יְהוָ֖ה	nsubj	I
19	יְהוָ֖ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	1 הַרְעִ֤יפוּ	parataxis	Yahweh
20	בְּרָאתִֽי	בָּרָא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	1 הַרְעִ֤יפוּ	parataxis	I
21	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 בְּרָאתִֽי	obj	have created it
22	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	21 ו	punct
23	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	21 ו	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
הַרְעִיפוּ drip down	imperative · hiphil	שָׁמַיִם O heaven
יִזְּלוּ־ let them flow	yiqtol · qal	שְׁחָקִים clouds
תִּפְתַּח־ let it open up	yiqtol · qal	אֶרֶץ [the] earth
יִפְרוּ־ let them bear fruit	yiqtol · qal	שָׁמַיִם O heaven + אֶרֶץ [the] earth	יֶשַׁע salvation
תַצְמִיחַ let it cause to sprout	yiqtol · hiphil	צְדָקָה righteousness
בְּרָאתִֽי I	qatal · qal		ו have created it

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

יְשַׁמְשׁוּן שְׁמַיָא מִלְעֵלָא וַעֲנָנַיָא יִגְדוּן טוּבָא תִּתְפְּתַח אַרְעָא וְיֵחוּן מֵתַיָא וּזְכוּתָא תִתְגְלֵי כַּחֲדָא אֲנָא יְיָ בְּרֵיתִינוּן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Drop down, ye heavens, from above, and let the skies pour down righteousness; let the earth open, that they may bring forth salvation, and let her cause righteousness to spring up together; I the LORD have created it.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:914.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.45.8/