Isaiah 48:10 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ
Who acts: I · What happens: refine, try · To what, where: thee, furnace
This is Isaiah 48:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I — and what happens in the verse to thee, furnace, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
הִנֵּ֥ה צְרַפְתִּ֖יךָ וְלֹ֣א בְכָ֑סֶף בְּחַרְתִּ֖יךָ בְּכ֥וּר עֹֽנִי׃
Behold, I have refined thee, but not as silver; I have tried thee in the furnace of affliction.
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | הִנֵּ֥ה | הִנֵּה | INTJ | _ | 2 צְרַפְתִּ֖י | discourse | here! |
| 2 | צְרַפְתִּ֖י | צָרַף | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1 | root | root | I |
| 3 | ךָ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs | 2 צְרַפְתִּ֖י | obj | have refined you |
| 4 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 5 לֹ֣א | cc | and |
| 5 | לֹ֣א | לֹא | ADV | _ | 2 צְרַפְתִּ֖י | conj | not |
| 6 | בְ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 7 כָ֑סֶף | case | (in) |
| 7 | כָ֑סֶף | כֶּסֶף | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 5 לֹ֣א | obl | silver |
| 8 | בְּחַרְתִּ֖י | בָּחַר | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1 | 2 צְרַפְתִּ֖י | parataxis | I |
| 9 | ךָ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs | 8 בְּחַרְתִּ֖י | obj | have chosen you |
| 10 | בְּ | בְּ | ADP | _ | 11 כ֥וּר | case | in |
| 11 | כ֥וּר | כּוּר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 8 בְּחַרְתִּ֖י | obl | a furnace |
| 12 | עֹֽנִי | עֳנִי | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 11 כ֥וּר | compound:smixut | of affliction |
| 13 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 12 עֹֽנִי | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- yes
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| not צְרַפְתִּי I | qatal · qal | ךָ have refined you | |||
| בְּחַרְתִּי I | qatal · qal | ךָ have chosen you |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
הָא צְרַפְתָּךְ וְלָא בִּכְסַף בְּחַרְתָּךְ בִּדְחוֹק מִסְכֵּינוּ:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:969.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.48.10/