Isaiah 5:28 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: arrows, bows · What happens: be, count · To what, where: hoofs

This is Isaiah 5:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — arrows, bows — and what happens in the verse to hoofs, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

אֲשֶׁ֤ר חִצָּיו֙ שְׁנוּנִ֔ים וְכָל־קַשְּׁתֹתָ֖יו דְּרֻכ֑וֹת פַּרְס֤וֹת סוּסָיו֙ כַּצַּ֣ר נֶחְשָׁ֔בוּ וְגַלְגִּלָּ֖יו כַּסּוּפָֽה׃

Whose arrows are sharp, and all their bows bent; their horses' hoofs shall be counted like flint, and their wheels like a whirlwind;

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	אֲשֶׁ֤ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	4 שְׁנוּנִ֔ים	mark	which
2	חִצָּי	חֵץ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	4 שְׁנוּנִ֔ים	nsubj	arrows
3	ו֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 חִצָּי	nmod:poss	its
4	שְׁנוּנִ֔ים	שָׁנַן	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	root	root	[are] sharpened
5	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 דְּרֻכ֑וֹת	cc	and
6	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 דְּרֻכ֑וֹת	nsubj	all
7	קַשְּׁתֹתָ֖י	קֶשֶׁת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	6 כָל־	compound:smixut	bows
8	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 קַשְּׁתֹתָ֖י	nmod:poss	its
9	דְּרֻכ֑וֹת	דָּרַךְ	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	4 שְׁנוּנִ֔ים	conj	[are] bent
10	פַּרְס֤וֹת	פַּרְסָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	16 נֶחְשָׁ֔בוּ	nsubj	the hooves
11	סוּסָי	סוּס	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	10 פַּרְס֤וֹת	compound:smixut	its horses
12	ו֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 סוּסָי	nmod:poss	his
13	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	15 צַּ֣ר	case	like
14	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 צַּ֣ר	det	(the)
15	צַּ֣ר	צַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 נֶחְשָׁ֔בוּ	obl	flint
16	נֶחְשָׁ֔בוּ	חָשַׁב	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	4 שְׁנוּנִ֔ים	parataxis	they are regarded
17	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 גַלְגִּלָּ֖י	cc	and
18	גַלְגִּלָּ֖י	גַּלְגַּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	16 נֶחְשָׁ֔בוּ	conj	wheels
19	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 גַלְגִּלָּ֖י	nmod:poss	its
20	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	22 סּוּפָֽה	case	like
21	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	22 סּוּפָֽה	det	(the)
22	סּוּפָֽה	סוּפָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	18 גַלְגִּלָּ֖י	obl	storm-wind
23	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	22 סּוּפָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	what, whom (A1)
שְׁנוּנִים [are] sharpened	participle passive · qal	חִצָּי arrows
דְּרֻכוֹת [are] bent	participle passive · qal	קַשְּׁתֹתָי bows
נֶחְשָׁבוּ they are regarded	qatal · niphal	פַּרְסוֹת the hooves

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

דִי גִירוֹהִי מְחַרְפִין וְכָל קַשְׁתָּתֵיהּ מְתִיחָן פַּרְסַת סוּסְוָתֵיהּ כְּטָנָרָא תַקִיפִין וְגַלְגְלוֹהִי קַלִילִין הָא כְעַלְעוֹלָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Whose arrows are sharp, and all their bows bent; their horses' hoofs shall be counted like flint, and their wheels like a whirlwind;

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:112.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.5.28/