Isaiah 57:18 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ
Who acts: I · What happens: see, heal, lead, requite · To what, where: ways, wind
This is Isaiah 57:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I — and what happens in the verse to ways, wind, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
דְּרָכָ֥יו רָאִ֖יתִי וְאֶרְפָּאֵ֑הוּ וְאַנְחֵ֕הוּ וַאֲשַׁלֵּ֧ם נִֽחֻמִ֛ים ל֖וֹ וְלַאֲבֵלָֽיו׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | דְּרָכָ֥י | דֶּרֶךְ | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 רָאִ֖יתִי | obj | ways |
| 2 | ו | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 1 דְּרָכָ֥י | nmod:poss | his |
| 3 | רָאִ֖יתִי | רָאָה | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1 | root | root | I have seen |
| 4 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 5 אֶרְפָּא | cc | and |
| 5 | אֶרְפָּא | רָפָא | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1 | 3 רָאִ֖יתִי | conj | I |
| 6 | ֵ֑הוּ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 אֶרְפָּא | obj | will heal him |
| 7 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 8 אַנְח | cc | and |
| 8 | אַנְח | נָחָה | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1 | 3 רָאִ֖יתִי | conj | I |
| 9 | ֵ֕הוּ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 אַנְח | obj | will lead him |
| 10 | וַ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 11 אֲשַׁלֵּ֧ם | cc | and |
| 11 | אֲשַׁלֵּ֧ם | שָׁלֵם | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=1 | 3 רָאִ֖יתִי | conj | I will restore |
| 12 | נִֽחֻמִ֛ים | נִחֻמִים | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 11 אֲשַׁלֵּ֧ם | obj | comfort(s) |
| 13 | ל | לְ | ADP | _ | 14 ֖וֹ | case | to |
| 14 | ֖וֹ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 אֲשַׁלֵּ֧ם | obl | him |
| 15 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 17 אֲבֵלָֽי | cc | and |
| 16 | לַ | לְ | ADP | _ | 17 אֲבֵלָֽי | case | to |
| 17 | אֲבֵלָֽי | אָבֵל | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 14 ֖וֹ | conj | his |
| 18 | ו | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 אֲבֵלָֽי | nmod:poss | mourners |
| 19 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 18 ו | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| רָאִיתִי I have seen | qatal · qal | דְּרָכָי ways | |||
| אֶרְפָּא I | yiqtol · qal | ֵהוּ will heal him | |||
| אַנְח I | yiqtol · hiphil | ֵהוּ will lead him | |||
| אֲשַׁלֵּם I will restore | yiqtol · piel | נִֽחֻמִים comfort(s) |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
אוֹרַח תְּיוּבְתְּהוֹן גַלְיָא קֳדָמַי וְאֶשְׁבּוֹק לְהוֹן וַאֲרַחֵם עֲלֵיהוֹן וַאֲשַׁלֵם תַּנְחוּמִין לְהוֹן וּלְמִתְאַבְּלִין עֲלֵיהוֹן:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:1128.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.57.18/