Judges 1:24 שֹׁפְטִים

Who acts: watchers, we · What happens: see, come, say, show, pray, deal · To what, where: man, city, entrance, us, thee · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Judges 1:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — watchers, we — and what happens in the verse to man, city, entrance, us, thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיִּרְאוּ֙ הַשֹּׁ֣מְרִ֔ים אִ֖ישׁ יוֹצֵ֣א מִן־הָעִ֑יר וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֗וֹ הַרְאֵ֤נוּ נָא֙ אֶת־מְב֣וֹא הָעִ֔יר וְעָשִׂ֥ינוּ עִמְּךָ֖ חָֽסֶד׃

And the watchers saw a man come forth out of the city, and they said unto him: 'Show us, we pray thee, the entrance into the city, and we will deal kindly with thee.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יִּרְאוּ֙	cc	and
2	יִּרְאוּ֙	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they saw
3	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 שֹּׁ֣מְרִ֔ים	det	[those
4	שֹּׁ֣מְרִ֔ים	שָׁמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	2 יִּרְאוּ֙	nsubj	who] watched
5	אִ֖ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 יוֹצֵ֣א	nsubj	a man
6	יוֹצֵ֣א	יָצָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 יִּרְאוּ֙	obj	coming out
7	מִן־	מִן	ADP	_	9 עִ֑יר	case	from
8	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 עִ֑יר	det	the
9	עִ֑יר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	6 יוֹצֵ֣א	obl	city
10	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 יֹּ֣אמְרוּ	cc	and
11	יֹּ֣אמְרוּ	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יִּרְאוּ֙	conj	they said
12	ל	לְ	ADP	_	13 ֗וֹ	case	to
13	֗וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 יֹּ֣אמְרוּ	obl	him
14	הַרְא	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=2	11 יֹּ֣אמְרוּ	ccomp	show
15	ֵ֤נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	14 הַרְא	obj	us
16	נָא֙	נָא	INTJ	_	14 הַרְא	discourse	please
17	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	18 מְב֣וֹא	case	(et)
18	מְב֣וֹא	מָבוֹא	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 הַרְא	xcomp	the entrance
19	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 עִ֔יר	det	of
20	עִ֔יר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	18 מְב֣וֹא	compound:smixut	the city
21	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 עָשִׂ֥ינוּ	cc	and
22	עָשִׂ֥ינוּ	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	14 הַרְא	conj	we will do
23	עִמּ	עִם	ADP	_	24 ְךָ֖	case	with
24	ְךָ֖	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	22 עָשִׂ֥ינוּ	obl	you
25	חָֽסֶד	חֶסֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 עָשִׂ֥ינוּ	obj	loyalty
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 חָֽסֶד	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
hedged: yes (נָא)
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יִּרְאוּ they saw	wayyiqtol · qal	שֹּׁמְרִים who] watched	יוֹצֵא coming out
יוֹצֵא coming out	participle active · qal	אִישׁ a man
יֹּאמְרוּ they said	wayyiqtol · qal	שֹּׁמְרִים who] watched
הַרְא show	imperative · hiphil	ֵנוּ us	מְבוֹא the entrance	אִישׁ a man
עָשִׂינוּ we will do	weqatal · qal	שֹּׁמְרִים who] watched	חָֽסֶד loyalty

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַחֲזוֹ נָטְרַיָא גַבְרָא נָפֵיק מִן קַרְתָּא וַאֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ אַחֲזֵינָא כְעַן יַת מַעֲלָנָא דְקַרְתָּא וְנַעְבֵּד עִמָךְ טִיבוּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the watchers saw a man come forth out of the city, and they said unto him: 'Show us, we pray thee, the entrance into the city, and we will deal kindly with thee.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JDG:23.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.1.24/