Judges 8:20 שֹׁפְטִים

Who acts: Gideon, youth · What happens: say, slay, not draw, fear, be · To what, where: men, sword, youth · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Judges 8:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Gideon, youth — and what happens in the verse to men, sword, youth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 21 chapters of Judges on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לְיֶ֣תֶר בְּכוֹר֔וֹ ק֖וּם הֲרֹ֣ג אוֹתָ֑ם וְלֹא־שָׁלַ֨ף הַנַּ֤עַר חַרְבּוֹ֙ כִּ֣י יָרֵ֔א כִּ֥י עוֹדֶ֖נּוּ נָֽעַר׃

And he said unto Jether his first-born: 'Up, and slay them.' But the youth drew not his sword; for he feared, because he was yet a youth.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	cc	and
2	יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	4 יֶ֣תֶר	case	to
4	יֶ֣תֶר	יֶתֶר	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	obl	Jether
5	בְּכוֹר	בְּכֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 יֶ֣תֶר	appos	firstborn
6	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 בְּכוֹר	nmod:poss	his
7	ק֖וּם	קוּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	2 יֹּ֙אמֶר֙	ccomp	arise
8	הֲרֹ֣ג	הָרַג	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	7 ק֖וּם	parataxis	kill
9	אוֹת	אֵת	ADP	_	10 ָ֑ם	case
10	ָ֑ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 הֲרֹ֣ג	obj	them
11	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 שָׁלַ֨ף	cc	and
12	לֹא־	לֹא	ADV	_	13 שָׁלַ֨ף	advmod	not
13	שָׁלַ֨ף	שָׁלַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	7 ק֖וּם	conj	he drew
14	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 נַּ֤עַר	det	the young
15	נַּ֤עַר	נַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 שָׁלַ֨ף	nsubj	man
16	חַרְבּ	חֶרֶב	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	13 שָׁלַ֨ף	obj	sword
17	וֹ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 חַרְבּ	nmod:poss	his
18	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	19 יָרֵ֔א	mark	(dm)
19	יָרֵ֔א	יָרֵא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	7 ק֖וּם	advcl	he was afraid
20	כִּ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	23 נָֽעַר	mark	(dm)
21	עוֹד	עוֹד	ADV	_	23 נָֽעַר	advmod	still
22	ֶ֖נּוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 נָֽעַר	nsubj	he
23	נָֽעַר	נַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 ק֖וּם	advcl	[was] a young man
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 נָֽעַר	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal
קוּם arise	imperative · qal	יֶתֶר Jether
הֲרֹג kill	imperative · qal	יֶתֶר Jether	ָם them
not שָׁלַף he drew	qatal · qal	נַּעַר man	חַרְבּ sword
יָרֵא he was afraid	qatal · qal	נַּעַר man

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַר לְיֶתֶר בּוּכְרֵיהּ קוּם קְטוֹל יַתְהוֹן וְלָא שְׁלַף עוּלֵימָא חַרְבֵּיהּ אֲרֵי דָחִיל אֲרֵי עַד כְּעַן יָנִיק:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And he said unto Jether his first-born: 'Up, and slay them.' But the youth drew not his sword; for he feared, because he was yet a youth.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JDG:229.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.8.20/