Jeremiah 12:12 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: sword, flesh · What happens: come, devour, have · To what, where: wilderness spoilers, one end, peace

This is Jeremiah 12:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — sword, flesh — and what happens in the verse to wilderness spoilers, one end, peace, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

עַֽל־כָּל־שְׁפָיִ֣ם בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר בָּ֚אוּ שֹֽׁדְדִ֔ים כִּ֣י חֶ֤רֶב לַֽיהוָה֙ אֹֽכְלָ֔ה מִקְצֵה־אֶ֖רֶץ וְעַד־קְצֵ֣ה הָאָ֑רֶץ אֵ֥ין שָׁל֖וֹם לְכָל־בָּשָֽׂר׃ס

Upon all the high hills in the wilderness spoilers are come; for the sword of the LORD devoureth from the one end of the land even to the other end of the land, no flesh hath peace.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	עַֽל־	עַל	ADP	_	2 כָּל־	case	over
2	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 בָּ֚אוּ	obl	all
3	שְׁפָיִ֣ם	שְׁפִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 כָּל־	compound:smixut	[the] bare heights
4	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	6 מִּדְבָּ֗ר	case	in
5	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 מִּדְבָּ֗ר	det	the
6	מִּדְבָּ֗ר	מִדְבָּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 בָּ֚אוּ	obl	wilderness
7	בָּ֚אוּ	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they have come
8	שֹֽׁדְדִ֔ים	שָׁדַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	7 בָּ֚אוּ	nsubj	destroyers
9	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	13 אֹֽכְלָ֔ה	mark	(dm)
10	חֶ֤רֶב	חֶרֶב	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	13 אֹֽכְלָ֔ה	nsubj	a sword
11	לַֽ	לְ	ADP	_	12 יהוָה֙	case	of
12	יהוָה֙	יהוה	PROPN	_	10 חֶ֤רֶב	nmod	Yahweh
13	אֹֽכְלָ֔ה	אָכַל	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	7 בָּ֚אוּ	advcl	[is] devouring
14	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	15 קְצֵה־	case	from
15	קְצֵה־	קָצֶה	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 אֹֽכְלָ֔ה	obl	an end
16	אֶ֖רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 קְצֵה־	compound:smixut	of [the] land
17	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 קְצֵ֣ה	cc	and
18	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	19 קְצֵ֣ה	case	to
19	קְצֵ֣ה	קָצֶה	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 קְצֵה־	conj	the end
20	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	21 אָ֑רֶץ	det	of
21	אָ֑רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 קְצֵ֣ה	compound:smixut	the land
22	אֵ֥ין	אַיִן	ADV	_	7 בָּ֚אוּ	parataxis	there [is] not
23	שָׁל֖וֹם	שָׁלוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 אֵ֥ין	nsubj	peace
24	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	25 כָל־	case	for
25	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	22 אֵ֥ין	obl	any
26	בָּשָֽׂר	בָּשָׂר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	25 כָל־	compound:smixut	flesh
27	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	26 בָּשָֽׂר	punct
28	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	26 בָּשָֽׂר	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
not בָּאוּ they have come	qatal · qal	שֹֽׁדְדִים destroyers
אֹֽכְלָה [is] devouring	participle active · qal	חֶרֶב a sword

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

עַל כָּל נַגְרִין בְּמַדְבְּרָא אֲתוֹ בָזוֹזִין אֲרֵי חַרְבָּא קֳדָם יְיָ מְקַטְלָא מִסְיָפֵי אַרְעָא וְעַד סְיָפֵי אַרְעָא לֵית שְׁלָמָא לְכָל בִּשְׂרָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Upon all the high hills in the wilderness spoilers are come; for the sword of the LORD devoureth from the one end of the land even to the other end of the land, no flesh hath peace.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:313.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.12.12/