Jeremiah 13:16 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: you, glory, feet, ye, LORD · What happens: give, grow, stumble, look, turn, make · To what, where: glory, LORD, mountains, shadow, death

This is Jeremiah 13:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, glory, feet, ye, LORD — and what happens in the verse to glory, LORD, mountains, shadow, death, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

תְּנוּ֩ לַיהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֤ם כָּבוֹד֙ בְּטֶ֣רֶם יַחְשִׁ֔ךְ וּבְטֶ֛רֶם יִֽתְנַגְּפ֥וּ רַגְלֵיכֶ֖ם עַל־הָ֣רֵי נָ֑שֶׁף וְקִוִּיתֶ֤ם לְאוֹר֙ וְשָׂמָ֣הּ לְצַלְמָ֔וֶת וְשִׁ֖ית לַעֲרָפֶֽל׃

Give glory to the LORD your God, before it grow dark, and before your feet stumble upon the mountains of twilight, and, while ye look for light, He turn it into the shadow of death, and make it gross darkness.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	תְּנוּ֩	נָתַן	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	root	root	give
2	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	3 יהוָ֨ה	case	to
3	יהוָ֨ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	1 תְּנוּ֩	obl	Yahweh
4	אֱלֹהֵי	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	3 יהוָ֨ה	appos	God
5	כֶ֤ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 אֱלֹהֵי	nmod:poss	your
6	כָּבוֹד֙	כָּבוֹד	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 תְּנוּ֩	obj	glory
7	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	8 טֶ֣רֶם	case	before
8	טֶ֣רֶם	טֶרֶם	ADV	_	9 יַחְשִׁ֔ךְ	nmod
9	יַחְשִׁ֔ךְ	חָשַׁךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	1 תְּנוּ֩	parataxis	he will bring darkness
10	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 יִֽתְנַגְּפ֥וּ	cc	and
11	בְ	בְּ	ADP	_	12 טֶ֛רֶם	case
12	טֶ֛רֶם	טֶרֶם	ADV	_	13 יִֽתְנַגְּפ֥וּ	nmod	before
13	יִֽתְנַגְּפ֥וּ	נָגַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HITHPAEL Number=Plur Person=3	9 יַחְשִׁ֔ךְ	conj	they will stumble
14	רַגְלֵי	רֶגֶל	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Dual	13 יִֽתְנַגְּפ֥וּ	nsubj	feet
15	כֶ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	14 רַגְלֵי	nmod:poss	your
16	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	17 הָ֣רֵי	case	on
17	הָ֣רֵי	הַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	13 יִֽתְנַגְּפ֥וּ	obl	mountains
18	נָ֑שֶׁף	נֶשֶׁף	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 הָ֣רֵי	compound:smixut	of twilight
19	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 קִוִּיתֶ֤ם	cc	and
20	קִוִּיתֶ֤ם	קָוָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=2	1 תְּנוּ֩	conj	you will wait
21	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	22 אוֹר֙	case	for
22	אוֹר֙	אוֹר	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 קִוִּיתֶ֤ם	obl	light
23	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 שָׂמ	cc	and
24	שָׂמ	שׂים	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	1 תְּנוּ֩	conj	he
25	ָ֣הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 שָׂמ	obj	will make it
26	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	27 צַלְמָ֔וֶת	case	into
27	צַלְמָ֔וֶת	צַלְמָוֶת	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	24 שָׂמ	obl	deep darkness
28	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	29 שִׁ֖ית	cc	and
29	שִׁ֖ית	שִׁית	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	1 תְּנוּ֩	conj	to make [it]
30	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	31 עֲרָפֶֽל	case	into
31	עֲרָפֶֽל	עֲרָפֶל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	29 שִׁ֖ית	obl	thick darkness
32	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	31 עֲרָפֶֽל	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
תְּנוּ give	imperative · qal		כָּבוֹד glory
יַחְשִׁךְ he will bring darkness	yiqtol · hiphil	יהוָה Yahweh
יִֽתְנַגְּפוּ they will stumble	yiqtol · hithpael	רַגְלֵי feet
קִוִּיתֶם you will wait	weqatal · piel
שָׂמ he	weqatal · qal	יהוָה Yahweh	ָהּ will make it
שִׁית to make [it]	infinitive construct · qal	יהוָה Yahweh	אוֹר light

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

הָבוּ קֳדָם יְיָ אֱלָהָכוֹן יְקָרָא עַד לָא תֵיתֵי עֲלֵיכוֹן עָקָא וּתְהוֹן דָמִין לְדִמְהַלְכִין כִּדְבְקִבְלָא וְעַד לָא יִתְנַגְפוּן רַגְלֵיכוֹן עַל טוּרֵי קָבָל וְתִסְבְּרוּן לִנְהוֹר וִיהֵי עֲלֵיכוֹן חֲשׁוֹךְ לְזֵיהוֹר וְהָא כְּדִבְקִבְלָא תְהוֹן מְהַלְכִין אַתּוּן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Give glory to the LORD your God, before it grow dark, and before your feet stumble upon the mountains of twilight, and, while ye look for light, He turn it into the shadow of death, and make it gross darkness.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:334.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.13.16/