Jeremiah 25:38 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: fold · What happens: forsake, become, anger · To what, where: covert, land

This is Jeremiah 25:38 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — fold — and what happens in the verse to covert, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

עָזַ֥ב כַּכְּפִ֖יר סֻכּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־הָיְתָ֤ה אַרְצָם֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה מִפְּנֵי֙ חֲר֣וֹן הַיּוֹנָ֔ה וּמִפְּנֵ֖י חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃פ

He hath forsaken His covert, as the lion; for their land is become a waste because of the fierceness of the oppressing sword, and because of His fierce anger.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	עָזַ֥ב	עָזַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he has left
2	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	4 כְּפִ֖יר	case	like (the)
3	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 כְּפִ֖יר	det	young
4	כְּפִ֖יר	כְּפִיר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 עָזַ֥ב	obl	lion
5	סֻכּ	סֹךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 עָזַ֥ב	obj	lair
6	֑וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 סֻכּ	nmod:poss	his
7	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	12 שַׁמָּ֔ה	mark	(dm)
8	הָיְתָ֤ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	12 שַׁמָּ֔ה	cop	it has become
9	אַרְצ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 שַׁמָּ֔ה	nsubj	land
10	ָם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 אַרְצ	nmod:poss	their
11	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	12 שַׁמָּ֔ה	case	(into) a
12	שַׁמָּ֔ה	שַׁמָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	1 עָזַ֥ב	advcl	waste
13	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	14 פְּנֵי֙	case	because
14	פְּנֵי֙	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 שַׁמָּ֔ה	obl	of
15	חֲר֣וֹן	חָרוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 פְּנֵי֙	compound:smixut	the anger
16	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	17 יּוֹנָ֔ה	det	of
17	יּוֹנָ֔ה	יָנָה	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	15 חֲר֣וֹן	compound:smixut	the oppressor
18	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 פְּנֵ֖י	cc	and
19	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	20 פְּנֵ֖י	case	because
20	פְּנֵ֖י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 פְּנֵי֙	conj	of
21	חֲר֥וֹן	חָרוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 פְּנֵ֖י	compound:smixut	the burning
22	אַפּ	אַף	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 חֲר֥וֹן	compound:smixut	his anger
23	ֽוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 אַפּ	nmod:poss	his
24	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	23 ֽוֹ	punct
25	פ	פ	PUNCT	_	23 ֽוֹ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
עָזַב he has left	qatal · qal		סֻכּ lair
הָיְתָה it has become	qatal · qal	אַרְצ land

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

גְלָא מַלְכָּא מִכְּרַכֵּיהּ אֲרֵי הֲוַת אַרְעֲהוֹן לְצָדוּ מִן קֳדָם חֶרֶב סַנְאָה דְהִיא כַּחֲמַר מְרַוְיָא וּמִן קֳדָם תְּקוֹף רוּגְזֵיהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

He hath forsaken His covert, as the lion; for their land is become a waste because of the fierceness of the oppressing sword, and because of His fierce anger.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:624.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.25.38/