Jeremiah 3:21 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: children · What happens: hear, pervert, forget, weep · To what, where: suppliant weeping, way, LORD

This is Jeremiah 3:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — children — and what happens in the verse to suppliant weeping, way, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

ק֚וֹל עַל־שְׁפָיִ֣ים נִשְׁמָ֔ע בְּכִ֥י תַחֲנוּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֤י הֶעֱוּוּ֙ אֶת־דַּרְכָּ֔ם שָׁכְח֖וּ אֶת־יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃

Hark! upon the high hills is heard the suppliant weeping of the children of Israel; for that they have perverted their way, they have forgotten the LORD their God.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	ק֚וֹל	קוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 נִשְׁמָ֔ע	nsubj	a sound
2	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	3 שְׁפָיִ֣ים	case	on
3	שְׁפָיִ֣ים	שְׁפִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	4 נִשְׁמָ֔ע	obl	bare heights
4	נִשְׁמָ֔ע	שָׁמַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	[is] heard
5	בְּכִ֥י	בְּכִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 ק֚וֹל	appos	the weeping
6	תַחֲנוּנֵ֖י	תַּחֲנוּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	5 בְּכִ֥י	compound:smixut	of the supplications
7	בְּנֵ֣י	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	6 תַחֲנוּנֵ֖י	compound:smixut	of the people
8	יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	7 בְּנֵ֣י	compound:smixut	of Israel
9	כִּ֤י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	10 הֶעֱוּוּ֙	mark	(dm)
10	הֶעֱוּוּ֙	עָוָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	4 נִשְׁמָ֔ע	advcl	they have perverted
11	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	12 דַּרְכּ	case	(et)
12	דַּרְכּ	דֶּרֶךְ	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 הֶעֱוּוּ֙	obj	way
13	ָ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 דַּרְכּ	nmod:poss	their
14	שָׁכְח֖וּ	שָׁכַח	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	4 נִשְׁמָ֔ע	parataxis	they have forgotten
15	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	16 יְהֹוָ֥ה	case	(et)
16	יְהֹוָ֥ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	14 שָׁכְח֖וּ	obj	Yahweh
17	אֱלֹהֵי	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	16 יְהֹוָ֥ה	appos	God
18	הֶֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 אֱלֹהֵי	nmod:poss	their
19	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	18 הֶֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
נִשְׁמָע [is] heard	qatal · niphal		קוֹל a sound
הֶעֱוּוּ they have perverted	qatal · hiphil	דַּרְכּ way		בְּנֵי of the people
שָׁכְחוּ they have forgotten	qatal · qal	בְּנֵי of the people	יְהֹוָה Yahweh

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

קָלָא עַל נָגְדִין אִשְׁתְּמַע דְבָכָן וּמִתְאַנְחִין בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲרֵי קַלְקִילוּ יַת אוֹרְחַתְהוֹן אִתְנְשִׁיאוּ יַת פּוּלְחָנָא דַייָ אֱלָהָהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hark! upon the high hills is heard the suppliant weeping of the children of Israel; for that they have perverted their way, they have forgotten the LORD their God.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:76.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.3.21/