Jeremiah 3:25 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: you, us, confusion, we, our · What happens: let, lie down, cover, sin, not hearken, shame · To what, where: us, shame, confusion, youth

This is Jeremiah 3:25 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, us, confusion, we, our — and what happens in the verse to us, shame, confusion, youth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

נִשְׁכְּבָ֣ה בְּבָשְׁתֵּ֗נוּ וּֽתְכַסֵּנוּ֮ כְּלִמָּתֵנוּ֒ כִּי֩ לַיהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵ֜ינוּ חָטָ֗אנוּ אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ וַאֲבוֹתֵ֔ינוּ מִנְּעוּרֵ֖ינוּ וְעַד־הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה וְלֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔עְנוּ בְּק֖וֹל יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ס

Let us lie down in our shame, and let our confusion cover us; for we have sinned against the LORD our God, we and our fathers, from our youth even unto this day; and we have not hearkened to the voice of the LORD our God.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	נִשְׁכְּבָ֣ה	שָׁכַב	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	root	root	let us lie down
2	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	3 בָשְׁתּ	case	in
3	בָשְׁתּ	בֹּשֶׁת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	1 נִשְׁכְּבָ֣ה	obl	shame
4	ֵ֗נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 בָשְׁתּ	nmod:poss	our
5	וּֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 תְכַסּ	cc	and
6	תְכַסּ	כָּסָה	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	1 נִשְׁכְּבָ֣ה	conj	let
7	ֵנוּ֮	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 תְכַסּ	obj	it cover us
8	כְּלִמָּת	כְּלִמָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	6 תְכַסּ	nsubj	disgrace
9	ֵנוּ֒	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 כְּלִמָּת	nmod:poss	our
10	כִּי֩	כִּי	SCONJ	_	15 חָטָ֗אנוּ	mark	(dm)
11	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	12 יהוָ֨ה	case	to
12	יהוָ֨ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	15 חָטָ֗אנוּ	obl	Yahweh
13	אֱלֹהֵ֜י	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	12 יהוָ֨ה	appos	God
14	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	13 אֱלֹהֵ֜י	nmod:poss	our
15	חָטָ֗אנוּ	חָטָא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	1 נִשְׁכְּבָ֣ה	advcl	we have sinned
16	אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙	אֲנַחְנוּ	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	15 חָטָ֗אנוּ	nsubj	we
17	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 אֲבוֹתֵ֔י	cc	and
18	אֲבוֹתֵ֔י	אָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	16 אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙	conj	ancestors
19	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	18 אֲבוֹתֵ֔י	nmod:poss	our
20	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	21 נְּעוּרֵ֖י	case	since
21	נְּעוּרֵ֖י	נְעוּרִים	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 חָטָ֗אנוּ	obl	youth(s)
22	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	21 נְּעוּרֵ֖י	nmod:poss	our
23	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 יּ֣וֹם	cc	and
24	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	26 יּ֣וֹם	case	until
25	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	26 יּ֣וֹם	det	the
26	יּ֣וֹם	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 נְּעוּרֵ֖י	conj	day
27	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	28 זֶּ֑ה	det	(the)
28	זֶּ֑ה	זֶה	DET	Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem	26 יּ֣וֹם	det	this
29	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	31 שָׁמַ֔עְנוּ	cc	and
30	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	31 שָׁמַ֔עְנוּ	advmod	not
31	שָׁמַ֔עְנוּ	שָׁמַע	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	1 נִשְׁכְּבָ֣ה	conj	we have listened
32	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	33 ק֖וֹל	case	to
33	ק֖וֹל	קוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	31 שָׁמַ֔עְנוּ	obl	the voice
34	יְהֹוָ֥ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	33 ק֖וֹל	compound:smixut	of Yahweh
35	אֱלֹהֵֽי	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	34 יְהֹוָ֥ה	appos	God
36	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	35 אֱלֹהֵֽי	nmod:poss	our
37	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	36 נוּ	punct
38	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	36 נוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
נִשְׁכְּבָה let us lie down	cohortative · qal
תְכַסּ let	yiqtol · piel	כְּלִמָּת disgrace	ֵנוּ it cover us
חָטָאנוּ we have sinned	qatal · qal	אֲנַחְנוּ we + אֲבוֹתֵי ancestors
not שָׁמַעְנוּ we have listened	qatal · qal	אֲבוֹתֵי ancestors

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

נִשְׁכוּב בְּבַהֲתַת חוֹבָנָא וְתַחֲפִינָנָא אִתְכְּנָעוּתָנָא אֲרֵי קֳדָם יְיָ אֱלָהָנָא חַבָנָא אֲנַחְנָא וַאֲבָהָתָנָא מִזְעוּרָנָא וְעַד יוֹמָא הָדֵין וְלָא קַבֵּילְנָא לְמֵימְרָא דַייָ אֱלָהָנָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Let us lie down in our shame, and let our confusion cover us; for we have sinned against the LORD our God, we and our fathers, from our youth even unto this day; and we have not hearkened to the voice of the LORD our God.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:80.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.3.25/