Jeremiah 31:13 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: virgin, I, men · What happens: rejoice, turn, comfort, make, mourn, sorrow · To what, where: dance, mourning, joy, men, sorrow

This is Jeremiah 31:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — virgin, I, men — and what happens in the verse to dance, mourning, joy, men, sorrow, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

אָ֣ז תִּשְׂמַ֤ח בְּתוּלָה֙ בְּמָח֔וֹל וּבַחֻרִ֥ים וּזְקֵנִ֖ים יַחְדָּ֑ו וְהָפַכְתִּ֨י אֶבְלָ֤ם לְשָׂשׂוֹן֙ וְנִ֣חַמְתִּ֔ים וְשִׂמַּחְתִּ֖ים מִיגוֹנָֽם׃

Then shall the virgin rejoice in the dance, and the young men and the old together; for I will turn their mourning into joy, and will comfort them, and make them rejoice from their sorrow.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	אָ֣ז	אָז	ADV	_	2 תִּשְׂמַ֤ח	advmod	then
2	תִּשְׂמַ֤ח	שָׂמַח	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	she will rejoice
3	בְּתוּלָה֙	בְּתוּלָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 תִּשְׂמַ֤ח	nsubj	a virgin
4	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	5 מָח֔וֹל	case	with
5	מָח֔וֹל	מָחוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 תִּשְׂמַ֤ח	obl	dancing
6	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 בַחֻרִ֥ים	cc	and
7	בַחֻרִ֥ים	בָּחוּר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 תִּשְׂמַ֤ח	conj	young men
8	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 זְקֵנִ֖ים	cc	and
9	זְקֵנִ֖ים	זָקֵן	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	7 בַחֻרִ֥ים	conj	old [men]
10	יַחְדָּ֑ו	יָחְדָּו	ADV	_	7 בַחֻרִ֥ים	advmod	alike
11	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 הָפַכְתִּ֨י	cc	and
12	הָפַכְתִּ֨י	הָפַךְ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	2 תִּשְׂמַ֤ח	conj	I will turn
13	אֶבְל	אֵבֶל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 הָפַכְתִּ֨י	obj	mourning
14	ָ֤ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 אֶבְל	nmod:poss	their
15	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	16 שָׂשׂוֹן֙	case	into
16	שָׂשׂוֹן֙	שָׂשׂוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 הָפַכְתִּ֨י	obl	joy
17	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 נִ֣חַמְתִּ֔י	cc	and
18	נִ֣חַמְתִּ֔י	נָחַם	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=1	2 תִּשְׂמַ֤ח	conj	I
19	ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 נִ֣חַמְתִּ֔י	obj	will comfort them
20	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 שִׂמַּחְתִּ֖י	cc	and
21	שִׂמַּחְתִּ֖י	שָׂמַח	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=1	2 תִּשְׂמַ֤ח	conj	I
22	ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 שִׂמַּחְתִּ֖י	obj	will make them glad
23	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	24 יגוֹנ	case	from
24	יגוֹנ	יָגוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 שִׂמַּחְתִּ֖י	obl	sorrow
25	ָֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 יגוֹנ	nmod:poss	their
26	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	25 ָֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: speech with no frame
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
תִּשְׂמַח she will rejoice	yiqtol · qal	בְּתוּלָה a virgin
הָפַכְתִּי I will turn	weqatal · qal		אֶבְל mourning
נִחַמְתִּי I	weqatal · piel		ם will comfort them
שִׂמַּחְתִּי I	qatal · piel		ם will make them glad

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

בְּכֵן תֶּחְדִין כְּנִשְׁתָּא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל כַּד בְּחִנְגִין וְעוּלֵימִין וְסָבִין כַּחֲדָא וֶאֶהֱפוֹךְ אֶבְלְהוֹן לְבִיעַ וֶאֱנָחֵמִינוּן וְאַחֲדִינוּן מִדְווֹנְהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Then shall the virgin rejoice in the dance, and the young men and the old together; for I will turn their mourning into joy, and will comfort them, and make them rejoice from their sorrow.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:756.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.13/