Jeremiah 31:18 יִרְמְיָהוּ
Who acts: I, Ephraim, Thou · What happens: hear, bemoan, chastise, turn, be · To what, where: Ephraim, me, I, LORD · Speech: someone speaks in this verse
This is Jeremiah 31:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, Ephraim, Thou — and what happens in the verse to Ephraim, me, I, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
שָׁמ֣וֹעַ שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ מִתְנוֹדֵ֔ד יִסַּרְתַּ֙נִי֙ וָֽאִוָּסֵ֔ר כְּעֵ֖גֶל לֹ֣א לֻמָּ֑ד הֲשִׁיבֵ֣נִי וְאָשׁ֔וּבָה כִּ֥י אַתָּ֖ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽי׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | שָׁמ֣וֹעַ | שָׁמַע | VERB | HebBinyan=QAL | 2 שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי | obl:npmod | indeed (hear) |
| 2 | שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי | שָׁמַע | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1 | root | root | I have heard |
| 3 | אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ | אֶפְרַיִם | PROPN | _ | 4 מִתְנוֹדֵ֔ד | nsubj | Ephraim |
| 4 | מִתְנוֹדֵ֔ד | נוּד | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HITHPOLEL Number=Sing | 2 שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי | ccomp | bemoaning itself |
| 5 | יִסַּרְתַּ֙ | יָסַר | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=2 | 2 שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי | parataxis | you |
| 6 | נִי֙ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 5 יִסַּרְתַּ֙ | obj | have disciplined me |
| 7 | וָֽ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 8 אִוָּסֵ֔ר | cc | and |
| 8 | אִוָּסֵ֔ר | יָסַר | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=1 | 5 יִסַּרְתַּ֙ | conj | I was disciplined |
| 9 | כְּ | כְּ | ADP | _ | 10 עֵ֖גֶל | case | like |
| 10 | עֵ֖גֶל | עֵגֶל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 8 אִוָּסֵ֔ר | obl | a calf |
| 11 | לֹ֣א | לֹא | ADV | _ | 12 לֻמָּ֑ד | advmod | [which] not |
| 12 | לֻמָּ֑ד | לָמַד | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PUAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 10 עֵ֖גֶל | acl | it had been trained |
| 13 | הֲשִׁיב | שׁוּב | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=2 | 2 שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי | parataxis | restore |
| 14 | ֵ֣נִי | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 הֲשִׁיב | obj | me |
| 15 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 16 אָשׁ֔וּבָה | cc | so |
| 16 | אָשׁ֔וּבָה | שׁוּב | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1 | 13 הֲשִׁיב | conj | that I may return |
| 17 | כִּ֥י | כִּי | SCONJ | _ | 19 יְהוָ֥ה | mark | (dm) |
| 18 | אַתָּ֖ה | אַתָּה | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs | 19 יְהוָ֥ה | nsubj | you |
| 19 | יְהוָ֥ה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 2 שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי | advcl | [are] Yahweh |
| 20 | אֱלֹה | אֱלֹהִים | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 19 יְהוָ֥ה | appos | God |
| 21 | ָֽי | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 20 אֱלֹה | nmod:poss | my |
| 22 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 21 ָֽי | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- yes
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| שָׁמַעְתִּי I have heard | qatal · qal | מִתְנוֹדֵד bemoaning itself | |||
| מִתְנוֹדֵד bemoaning itself | participle active · hithpolel | אֶפְרַיִם Ephraim | |||
| יִסַּרְתַּ you | qatal · piel | נִי have disciplined me | |||
| אִוָּסֵר I was disciplined | wayyiqtol · niphal | אֶפְרַיִם Ephraim | |||
| not לֻמָּד it had been trained | qatal · pual | עֵגֶל a calf | |||
| הֲשִׁיב restore | imperative · hiphil | ֵנִי me | |||
| אָשׁוּבָה that I may return | cohortative · qal | אֶפְרַיִם Ephraim |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
שְׁמִיעַ וּגְלֵי קָדָמַי בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל דְּבָכַן וּמִתְאַנְחִין עַל דְאִטַלְטָלוּ אָמְרִין אַיְתֵיתָא עֲלָן יְסוּרִין וְלָא אֲלֵיפְנָא כְּעֵגַל לָא מַלִיף נִיר כְּדוּ אָתֵיבְנָא לְפוּלְחָנָךְ וּנְתֵיב אֲרֵי אַתְּ יְיָ אֱלָהָנָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:761.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.31.18/