Jeremiah 4:13 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: wind, chariots, horses · What happens: come up, be, undo · To what, where: we

This is Jeremiah 4:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — wind, chariots, horses — and what happens in the verse to we, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הִנֵּ֣ה ׀ כַּעֲנָנִ֣ים יַעֲלֶ֗ה וְכַסּוּפָה֙ מַרְכְּבוֹתָ֔יו קַלּ֥וּ מִנְּשָׁרִ֖ים סוּסָ֑יו א֥וֹי לָ֖נוּ כִּ֥י שֻׁדָּֽדְנוּ׃

Behold, he cometh up as clouds, and his chariots are as the whirlwind; his horses are swifter than eagles. — 'Woe unto us! for we are undone.' —

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הִנֵּ֣ה	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	5 יַעֲלֶ֗ה	discourse	there!
2	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	1 הִנֵּ֣ה	punct
3	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	4 עֲנָנִ֣ים	case	like
4	עֲנָנִ֣ים	עֲנָנָה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	5 יַעֲלֶ֗ה	obl	clouds
5	יַעֲלֶ֗ה	עָלָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he is going up
6	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 סּוּפָה֙	cc	and
7	כַ	כְּ	ADP	_	9 סּוּפָה֙	case	like
8	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 סּוּפָה֙	det	the
9	סּוּפָה֙	סוּפָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	5 יַעֲלֶ֗ה	conj	storm-wind
10	מַרְכְּבוֹתָ֔י	מֶרְכָּבָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	9 סּוּפָה֙	nsubj	chariots
11	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 מַרְכְּבוֹתָ֔י	nmod:poss	his
12	קַלּ֥וּ	קָלַל	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	5 יַעֲלֶ֗ה	parataxis	they are swift
13	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	14 נְּשָׁרִ֖ים	case	more
14	נְּשָׁרִ֖ים	נֶשֶׁר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	12 קַלּ֥וּ	obl	than eagles
15	סוּסָ֑י	סוּס	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	12 קַלּ֥וּ	nsubj	horses
16	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 סוּסָ֑י	nmod:poss	his
17	א֥וֹי	אוֹי	INTJ	_	19 ָ֖נוּ	nsubj	woe!
18	ל	לְ	ADP	_	19 ָ֖נוּ	case	to
19	ָ֖נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	5 יַעֲלֶ֗ה	parataxis	us
20	כִּ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	21 שֻׁדָּֽדְנוּ	mark	(dm)
21	שֻׁדָּֽדְנוּ	שָׁדַד	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=PUAL Number=Plur Person=1	5 יַעֲלֶ֗ה	advcl	we are devastated
22	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	21 שֻׁדָּֽדְנוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יַעֲלֶה he is going up	yiqtol · qal
קַלּוּ they are swift	qatal · qal	סוּסָי horses
שֻׁדָּֽדְנוּ we are devastated	qatal · pual

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

הָא מְלַךְ בְּמַשִׁרְיָתֵיהּ יִסֹק עֲלֵיהוֹן כַּעֲנָנָא דְסָלֵיק וְחָפֵי יַת אַרְעָא וּכְעַלְעוֹלִין רְתִיכוֹהִי קַלִילִין מִנִשְׁרַיָא סוּסְוָתֵיהּ וַי לָנָא אֲרֵי אֲתֵי לְמִבְזָנָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Behold, he cometh up as clouds, and his chariots are as the whirlwind; his horses are swifter than eagles. — 'Woe unto us! for we are undone.' —

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:93.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.4.13/