Jeremiah 44:4 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: I · What happens: send, say, not do, hate · To what, where: servants, abominable thing · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Jeremiah 44:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I — and what happens in the verse to servants, abominable thing, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וָאֶשְׁלַ֤ח אֲלֵיכֶם֙ אֶת־כָּל־עֲבָדַ֣י הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים הַשְׁכֵּ֥ים וְשָׁלֹ֖חַ לֵאמֹ֑ר אַל־נָ֣א תַעֲשׂ֗וּ אֵ֛ת דְּבַֽר־הַתֹּעֵבָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׂנֵֽאתִי׃

Howbeit I sent unto you all My servants the prophets, sending them betimes and often, saying: Oh, do not this abominable thing that I hate.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וָ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 אֶשְׁלַ֤ח	cc	and
2	אֶשְׁלַ֤ח	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	root	root	I sent
3	אֲלֵי	אֶל	ADP	_	4 כֶם֙	case	to
4	כֶם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 אֶשְׁלַ֤ח	obl	you
5	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	6 כָּל־	case	(et)
6	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 אֶשְׁלַ֤ח	obj	all
7	עֲבָד	עֶבֶד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	6 כָּל־	compound:smixut	servants
8	ַ֣י	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 עֲבָד	nmod:poss	my
9	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 נְּבִיאִ֔ים	det	the
10	נְּבִיאִ֔ים	נָבִיא	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	7 עֲבָד	appos	prophets
11	הַשְׁכֵּ֥ים	שָׁכַם	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	2 אֶשְׁלַ֤ח	advmod	rising early
12	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 שָׁלֹ֖חַ	cc	and
13	שָׁלֹ֖חַ	שָׁלַח	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	11 הַשְׁכֵּ֥ים	conj	sending
14	לֵ	לְ	ADP	ExtPos=SCONJ	18 תַעֲשׂ֗וּ	mark	(cmp)
15	אמֹ֑ר	אָמַר	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	14 לֵ	fixed
16	אַל־	אַל	ADV	_	18 תַעֲשׂ֗וּ	advmod	do not
17	נָ֣א	נָא	INTJ	_	18 תַעֲשׂ֗וּ	discourse	please
18	תַעֲשׂ֗וּ	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	2 אֶשְׁלַ֤ח	advcl	do
19	אֵ֛ת	אֵת	ADP	_	20 דְּבַֽר־	case	(et)
20	דְּבַֽר־	דָּבָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 תַעֲשׂ֗וּ	obj	the thing
21	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	22 תֹּעֵבָ֥ה	det	of (the)
22	תֹּעֵבָ֥ה	תּוֹעֵבַה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	20 דְּבַֽר־	compound:smixut	abomination
23	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	24 זֹּ֖את	det	(the)
24	זֹּ֖את	זֹאת	DET	Gender=Fem Number=Sing PronType=Dem	20 דְּבַֽר־	det	this
25	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	26 שָׂנֵֽאתִי	mark	which
26	שָׂנֵֽאתִי	שָׂנֵא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	20 דְּבַֽר־	acl:relcl	I hate
27	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	26 שָׂנֵֽאתִי	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
hedged: yes (נָא)
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
אֶשְׁלַח I sent	wayyiqtol · qal		עֲבָד servants
אמֹר	infinitive construct · qal	עֲבָד servants
not תַעֲשׂוּ do	jussive · qal		דְּבַֽר־ the thing
שָׂנֵֽאתִי I hate	qatal · qal		דְּבַֽר־ the thing

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּשְׁלָחֵית לְוַתְכוֹן יַת כָּל עַבְדֵי נְבִיַיָא מַקְדֵים וּמִשְׁלַח לְמֵימָר לָא כְעַן תַּעְבְּדוּן יַת עֵסַק תּוֹעֶבְתָּא הָדָא דְרָחֵיקִית:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Howbeit I sent unto you all My servants the prophets, sending them betimes and often, saying: Oh, do not this abominable thing that I hate.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:1066.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.44.4/