Jeremiah 46:16 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: LORD, many, Noph, us · What happens: make, stumble, fall, say, arise, let · To what, where: many, one, us, oppressing sword · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Jeremiah 46:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, many, Noph, us — and what happens in the verse to many, one, us, oppressing sword, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הִרְבָּ֖ה כּוֹשֵׁ֑ל גַּם־נָפַ֞ל אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֗הוּ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ ק֣וּמָה ׀ וְנָשֻׁ֣בָה אֶל־עַמֵּ֗נוּ וְאֶל־אֶ֙רֶץ֙ מֽוֹלַדְתֵּ֔נוּ מִפְּנֵ֖י חֶ֥רֶב הַיּוֹנָֽה׃

He made many to stumble; yea, they fell one upon another, and said: 'Arise, and let us return to our own people, and to the land of our birth, from the oppressing sword.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הִרְבָּ֖ה	רָבָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he will multiply
2	כּוֹשֵׁ֑ל	כָּשַׁל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	1 הִרְבָּ֖ה	obj	[one who] stumbles
3	גַּם־	גַּם	ADV	_	4 נָפַ֞ל	advmod	also
4	נָפַ֞ל	נָפַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	1 הִרְבָּ֖ה	conj	he will fall
5	אִ֣ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 נָפַ֞ל	nsubj	each
6	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	7 רֵע	case	to
7	רֵע	רֵעַ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 נָפַ֞ל	obl	neighbor
8	ֵ֗הוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 רֵע	nmod:poss	his
9	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙	cc	and
10	יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	1 הִרְבָּ֖ה	conj	they said
11	ק֣וּמ	קוּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	10 יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙	ccomp	arise
12	ָה	ה	X	_	11 ק֣וּמ	nmod
13	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	12 ָה	punct
14	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 נָשֻׁ֣בָה	cc	and
15	נָשֻׁ֣בָה	שׁוּב	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	11 ק֣וּמ	conj	let us return
16	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	17 עַמּ	case	to
17	עַמּ	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 נָשֻׁ֣בָה	obl	people
18	ֵ֗נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	17 עַמּ	nmod:poss	our
19	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 אֶ֙רֶץ֙	cc	and
20	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	21 אֶ֙רֶץ֙	case	to
21	אֶ֙רֶץ֙	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 עַמּ	conj	the land
22	מֽוֹלַדְתּ	מוֹלֶדֶת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	21 אֶ֙רֶץ֙	compound:smixut	our kindred
23	ֵ֔נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	22 מֽוֹלַדְתּ	nmod:poss	our
24	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	25 פְּנֵ֖י	case	because
25	פְּנֵ֖י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 נָשֻׁ֣בָה	obl	of
26	חֶ֥רֶב	חֶרֶב	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	25 פְּנֵ֖י	compound:smixut	the sword
27	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	28 יּוֹנָֽה	det	of
28	יּוֹנָֽה	יָנָה	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	26 חֶ֥רֶב	compound:smixut	the oppressor
29	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	28 יּוֹנָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
הִרְבָּה he will multiply	qatal · hiphil	כּוֹשֵׁל [one who] stumbles
כּוֹשֵׁל [one who] stumbles	participle active · qal
נָפַל he will fall	qatal · qal	אִישׁ each
יֹּֽאמְרוּ they said	wayyiqtol · qal
קוּמ arise	imperative · qal	רֵע neighbor
נָשֻׁבָה let us return	cohortative · qal	רֵע neighbor

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

אַסְגִיאוּ מַתְקְלֵיהוֹן אַף אִשְׁתְּמַעוּ גְבַר לְחַבְרֵיהּ וְיֵימְרוּן קוּמוּ וּנְתוּב לְעַמְנָא וּלְאַרְעָא יַלְדוּתָנָא מִן קֳדָם חַרְבָּא דְסָנְאָה דְהִיא כְחַמַר מְרַוְיָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

He made many to stumble; yea, they fell one upon another, and said: 'Arise, and let us return to our own people, and to the land of our birth, from the oppressing sword.'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:1113.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.46.16/