Jeremiah 8:14 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: we, you, us, LORD · What happens: sit, assemble, let, enter, fortify, cut off · To what, where: yourselves, us, fortified cities, water

This is Jeremiah 8:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, you, us, LORD — and what happens in the verse to yourselves, us, fortified cities, water, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

עַל־מָה֙ אֲנַ֣חְנוּ יֹֽשְׁבִ֔ים הֵֽאָסְפ֗וּ וְנָב֛וֹא אֶל־עָרֵ֥י הַמִּבְצָ֖ר וְנִדְּמָה־שָּׁ֑ם כִּי֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵ֤ינוּ הֲדִמָּ֙נוּ֙ וַיַּשְׁקֵ֣נוּ מֵי־רֹ֔אשׁ כִּ֥י חָטָ֖אנוּ לַיהוָֽה׃

'Why do we sit still? Assemble yourselves, and let us enter into the fortified cities, and let us be cut off there; for the LORD our God hath cut us off, and given us water of gall to drink, because we have sinned against the LORD.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	2 מָה֙	case	concerning
2	מָה֙	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	4 יֹֽשְׁבִ֔ים	obl	what?
3	אֲנַ֣חְנוּ	אֲנַחְנוּ	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 יֹֽשְׁבִ֔ים	nsubj	[are] we
4	יֹֽשְׁבִ֔ים	יָשַׁב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	root	root	sitting
5	הֵֽאָסְפ֗וּ	אָסַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=2	4 יֹֽשְׁבִ֔ים	parataxis	gather yourselves
6	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	7 נָב֛וֹא	cc	and
7	נָב֛וֹא	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	4 יֹֽשְׁבִ֔ים	conj	let us go
8	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	9 עָרֵ֥י	case	into
9	עָרֵ֥י	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	7 נָב֛וֹא	obl	the cities
10	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 מִּבְצָ֖ר	det	of (the)
11	מִּבְצָ֖ר	מִבְצָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 עָרֵ֥י	compound:smixut	fortification
12	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 נִדְּמָה־	cc	so
13	נִדְּמָה־	דָּמַם	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	4 יֹֽשְׁבִ֔ים	conj	that we may perish
14	שָּׁ֑ם	שָׁם	ADV	_	13 נִדְּמָה־	advmod	there
15	כִּי֩	כִּי	SCONJ	_	19 הֲדִמּ	mark	(dm)
16	יְהוָ֨ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	19 הֲדִמּ	nsubj	Yahweh
17	אֱלֹהֵ֤י	אֱלֹהִים	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	16 יְהוָ֨ה	appos	God
18	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	17 אֱלֹהֵ֤י	nmod:poss	our
19	הֲדִמּ	דָּמַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	4 יֹֽשְׁבִ֔ים	advcl	he
20	ָ֙נוּ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	19 הֲדִמּ	obj	has caused us to perish
21	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	22 יַּשְׁק	cc	and
22	יַּשְׁק	שָׁקָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	4 יֹֽשְׁבִ֔ים	conj	he
23	ֵ֣נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	22 יַּשְׁק	obj	has given us to drink
24	מֵי־	מַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	22 יַּשְׁק	xcomp	water
25	רֹ֔אשׁ	רֹאשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	24 מֵי־	compound:smixut	of poison
26	כִּ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	27 חָטָ֖אנוּ	mark	(dm)
27	חָטָ֖אנוּ	חָטָא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	4 יֹֽשְׁבִ֔ים	advcl	we have sinned
28	לַ	לְ	ADP	_	29 יהוָֽה	case	to
29	יהוָֽה	יהוה	PROPN	_	27 חָטָ֖אנוּ	obl	Yahweh
30	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	29 יהוָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
יֹֽשְׁבִים sitting	participle active · qal	אֲנַחְנוּ [are] we
הֵֽאָסְפוּ gather yourselves	imperative · niphal
נָבוֹא let us go	cohortative · qal
נִדְּמָה־ that we may perish	cohortative · qal
הֲדִמּ he	qatal · hiphil	ָנוּ has caused us to perish		יְהוָה Yahweh
יַּשְׁק he	wayyiqtol · hiphil	ֵנוּ has given us to drink	מֵי־ water	יְהוָה Yahweh
חָטָאנוּ we have sinned	qatal · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

עַל מָה אֲנַחְנָא יָתְבוּן אִתְכְּנָשׁוּ וְנֵיעוֹל לְקִרְוִין כְּרִיכָן וְנִשְׁתּוֹק תַּמָן אֲרֵי יְיָ אֱלָהָנָא אַיְתִי עֲלָנָא תְּבַר וְאַבְהֲתָנָא וְאַשְׁקָנָא כָּס דִלְוָט בִּישׁ כְּרֵישֵׁי חֵיוָן אֲרֵי חַבְנָא קֳדָם יְיָ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:220.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.8.14/