Jeremiah 8:5 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: perpetual backsliding, people · What happens: slidden back, hold, refuse, not return · To what, where: people, fast deceit

This is Jeremiah 8:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — perpetual backsliding, people — and what happens in the verse to people, fast deceit, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

מַדּ֨וּעַ שׁוֹבְבָ֜ה הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֛ה יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם מְשֻׁבָ֣ה נִצַּ֑חַת הֶחֱזִ֙יקוּ֙ בַּתַּרְמִ֔ית מֵאֲנ֖וּ לָשֽׁוּב׃

Why then is this people of Jerusalem slidden back by a perpetual backsliding? They hold fast deceit, they refuse to return.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	מַדּ֨וּעַ	מַדּוּעַ	ADV	_	2 שׁוֹבְבָ֜ה	advmod	why?
2	שׁוֹבְבָ֜ה	שֹׁובֵב	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=POLEL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	has it turned away
3	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 עָ֥ם	det	the
4	עָ֥ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 שׁוֹבְבָ֜ה	nsubj	people
5	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 זֶּ֛ה	det	(the)
6	זֶּ֛ה	זֶה	DET	Gender=Masc Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 עָ֥ם	det	this
7	יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם	יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם	PROPN	_	4 עָ֥ם	appos	Jerusalem
8	מְשֻׁבָ֣ה	מְשׁוּבָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 שׁוֹבְבָ֜ה	obl	apostasy
9	נִצַּ֑חַת	נָצַח	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing	8 מְשֻׁבָ֣ה	nmod	enduring
10	הֶחֱזִ֙יקוּ֙	חָזַק	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	2 שׁוֹבְבָ֜ה	parataxis	they have kept hold
11	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	13 תַּרְמִ֔ית	case	on
12	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 תַּרְמִ֔ית	det	(the)
13	תַּרְמִ֔ית	תׇּרְמִית	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	10 הֶחֱזִ֙יקוּ֙	obl	deceitfulness
14	מֵאֲנ֖וּ	מָאֵן	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=3	2 שׁוֹבְבָ֜ה	parataxis	they have refused
15	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	16 שֽׁוּב	case	to
16	שֽׁוּב	שׁוּב	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	14 מֵאֲנ֖וּ	xcomp	return
17	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	16 שֽׁוּב	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
שׁוֹבְבָה has it turned away	qatal · polel	עָם people
נִצַּחַת enduring	participle passive · niphal	מְשֻׁבָה apostasy
הֶחֱזִיקוּ they have kept hold	qatal · hiphil	עָם people
מֵאֲנוּ they have refused	qatal · piel	עָם people
שֽׁוּב return	infinitive construct · qal	עָם people

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

מַה דֵין מִתְחַסְנִין לְמֵיתָב לְפוּלְחָנִי עַמָא הָדֵין יַתְבֵי יְרוּשְׁלֵם תָּבוּ לִמְרַד מִן אוֹרַיְתָא וְלָא צָבָן לְמֵיתַב אַתְקִיפוּ בְּנִכְלִין מְסָרְבִין לְמֵיתַב:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:211.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.8.5/