Joel 1:4 יוֹאֵל

Who acts: palmer worm, locust, canker worm, caterpiller · What happens: leave, eat · To what, where: That

This is Joel 1:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — palmer worm, locust, canker worm, caterpiller — and what happens in the verse to That, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Joel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

יֶ֤תֶר הַגָּזָם֙ אָכַ֣ל הָֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה וְיֶ֥תֶר הָאַרְבֶּ֖ה אָכַ֣ל הַיָּ֑לֶק וְיֶ֣תֶר הַיֶּ֔לֶק אָכַ֖ל הֶחָסִֽיל׃

That which the palmer-worm hath left hath the locust eaten; and that which the locust hath left hath the canker-worm eaten; and that which the canker-worm hath left hath the caterpiller eaten.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	יֶ֤תֶר	יֶתֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 אָכַ֣ל	obj	the remainder
2	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	3 גָּזָם֙	det	of
3	גָּזָם֙	גָּזָם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 יֶ֤תֶר	compound:smixut	the locust[s]
4	אָכַ֣ל	אָכַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it has eaten
5	הָֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 אַרְבֶּ֔ה	det	the
6	אַרְבֶּ֔ה	אַרְבֶּה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 אָכַ֣ל	nsubj	locust[s]
7	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 אָכַ֣ל	cc	and
8	יֶ֥תֶר	יֶתֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 אָכַ֣ל	obj	the remainder
9	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 אַרְבֶּ֖ה	det	of
10	אַרְבֶּ֖ה	אַרְבֶּה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 יֶ֥תֶר	compound:smixut	the locust[s]
11	אָכַ֣ל	אָכַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 אָכַ֣ל	conj	it has eaten
12	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	13 יָּ֑לֶק	det	the
13	יָּ֑לֶק	יֶלֶק	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 אָכַ֣ל	nsubj	locust[s]
14	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 אָכַ֖ל	cc	and
15	יֶ֣תֶר	יֶתֶר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 אָכַ֖ל	obj	the remainder
16	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	17 יֶּ֔לֶק	det	of
17	יֶּ֔לֶק	יֶלֶק	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 יֶ֣תֶר	compound:smixut	the locust[s]
18	אָכַ֖ל	אָכַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 אָכַ֣ל	conj	it has eaten
19	הֶ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	20 חָסִֽיל	det	the
20	חָסִֽיל	חָסִיל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 אָכַ֖ל	nsubj	locust[s]
21	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	20 חָסִֽיל	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
אָכַל it has eaten	qatal · qal	אַרְבֶּה locust[s]	יֶתֶר the remainder
אָכַל it has eaten	qatal · qal	יָּלֶק locust[s]	יֶתֶר the remainder
אָכַל it has eaten	qatal · qal	חָסִֽיל locust[s]	יֶתֶר the remainder

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

מוֹתַר זַחֲלָא אֲכַל גוֹבָא וּמוֹתַר גוֹבָא אֲכַל פִּרְחָא וּמוֹתַר פִּרְחָא אֲכַל שְׁמוֹטָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

That which the palmer-worm hath left hath the locust eaten; and that which the locust hath left hath the canker-worm eaten; and that which the canker-worm hath left hath the caterpiller eaten.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOL:3.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.1.4/