Joel 1:4 · JPS 1917
That which the palmer-worm hath left hath the locust eaten; and that which the locust hath left hath the canker-worm eaten; and that which the canker-worm hath left hath the caterpiller eaten.
Who acts: palmer worm, locust, canker worm, caterpiller · What happens: leave, eat · To what, where: That
This is Joel 1:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (palmer worm, locust, canker worm, caterpiller), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 12 eaten | obj |
| 2 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 left | obj |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 worm | det |
| 4 | palmer | palmer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 worm | compound |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 palmer | punct |
| 6 | worm | worm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 left | nsubj |
| 7 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 left | aux |
| 8 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 1 That | acl:relcl |
| 9 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 eaten | aux |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 locust | det |
| 11 | locust | locust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 eaten | nsubj |
| 12 | eaten | eat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 eaten | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 eaten | cc |
| 15 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 26 eaten | obj |
| 16 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 left | obj |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 locust | det |
| 18 | locust | locust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 left | nsubj |
| 19 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 left | aux |
| 20 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 15 that | acl:relcl |
| 21 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 eaten | aux |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 worm | det |
| 23 | canker | canker | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 worm | compound |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 23 canker | punct |
| 25 | worm | worm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 eaten | nsubj |
| 26 | eaten | eat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 eaten | conj |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 40 eaten | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 eaten | cc |
| 29 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 40 eaten | obj |
| 30 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 left | obj |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 worm | det |
| 32 | canker | canker | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 worm | compound |
| 33 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 32 canker | punct |
| 34 | worm | worm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 left | nsubj |
| 35 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 left | aux |
| 36 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 29 that | acl:relcl |
| 37 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 eaten | aux |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 caterpiller | det |
| 39 | caterpiller | caterpiller | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 eaten | nsubj |
| 40 | eaten | eat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 eaten | conj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 eaten | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leave | present · perfect | the palmer worm | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme | |||||
| 2 | eat | present · perfect | the locust | That | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Patient | ||||
| 3 | leave | present · perfect | the locust | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme | |||||
| 4 | eat | present · perfect | the canker worm | that | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Patient | ||||
| 5 | leave | present · perfect | the canker worm | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme | |||||
| 6 | eat | present · perfect | the caterpiller | that | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
יֶ֤תֶר הַגָּזָם֙ אָכַ֣ל הָֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה וְיֶ֥תֶר הָאַרְבֶּ֖ה אָכַ֣ל הַיָּ֑לֶק וְיֶ֣תֶר הַיֶּ֔לֶק אָכַ֖ל הֶחָסִֽיל׃
Joel 1:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JOL:4 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOL.4/