Joel 2:5 יוֹאֵל

Who acts: people, flame, mighty people, chariots, fire · What happens: leap, devour, set, noise, flame · To what, where: tops, stubble, battle array

This is Joel 2:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, flame, mighty people, chariots, fire — and what happens in the verse to tops, stubble, battle array, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Joel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

כְּק֣וֹל מַרְכָּב֗וֹת עַל־רָאשֵׁ֤י הֶֽהָרִים֙ יְרַקֵּד֔וּן כְּקוֹל֙ לַ֣הַב אֵ֔שׁ אֹכְלָ֖ה קָ֑שׁ כְּעַ֣ם עָצ֔וּם עֱר֖וּךְ מִלְחָמָֽה׃

Like the noise of chariots, on the tops of the mountains do they leap, like the noise of a flame of fire that devoureth the stubble, as a mighty people set in battle array.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	כְּ	כְּ	ADP	_	2 ק֣וֹל	case	like [the]
2	ק֣וֹל	קוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 יְרַקֵּד֔וּ	obl	sound
3	מַרְכָּב֗וֹת	מֶרְכָּבָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	2 ק֣וֹל	compound:smixut	of chariots
4	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	5 רָאשֵׁ֤י	case	over
5	רָאשֵׁ֤י	רֹאשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	8 יְרַקֵּד֔וּ	obl	the tops
6	הֶֽ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 הָרִים֙	det	of
7	הָרִים֙	הַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	5 רָאשֵׁ֤י	compound:smixut	the mountains
8	יְרַקֵּד֔וּ	רָקַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they
9	ן	נ	X	_	8 יְרַקֵּד֔וּ	nmod	leap
10	כְּ	כְּ	ADP	_	11 קוֹל֙	case	like [the]
11	קוֹל֙	קוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 יְרַקֵּד֔וּ	parataxis	sound
12	לַ֣הַב	לַהַב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 קוֹל֙	compound:smixut	of a flame
13	אֵ֔שׁ	אֵשׁ	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 לַ֣הַב	compound:smixut	of fire
14	אֹכְלָ֖ה	אָכַל	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	13 אֵ֔שׁ	acl:relcl	[which] consumes
15	קָ֑שׁ	קַשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	14 אֹכְלָ֖ה	obj	stubble
16	כְּ	כְּ	ADP	_	17 עַ֣ם	case	like
17	עַ֣ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 יְרַקֵּד֔וּ	parataxis	a people
18	עָצ֔וּם	עָצוּם	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 עַ֣ם	amod	mighty
19	עֱר֖וּךְ	עָרַךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	17 עַ֣ם	acl:relcl	deployed
20	מִלְחָמָֽה	מִלְחָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	19 עֱר֖וּךְ	compound:smixut	of battle
21	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	20 מִלְחָמָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יְרַקֵּדוּ they	yiqtol · piel
אֹכְלָה [which] consumes	participle active · qal	אֵשׁ of fire	קָשׁ stubble
עֱרוּךְ deployed	participle passive · qal		עַם a people

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

כְּקַל רְתִיכַיָא עַל רֵישֵׁי טוּרַיָא מְקַפְּצִין כְּקַל שַׁלְהוֹבִית אֶשְׁתָּא דִמְשֵׁיצְיָא כְּקַשָׁא יְבֵישָׁא כְּעַמָא תַקִיפָא דְיָדַע סִידְרֵי קְרָבָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Like the noise of chariots, on the tops of the mountains do they leap, like the noise of a flame of fire that devoureth the stubble, as a mighty people set in battle array.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOL:24.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOL.2.5/