Jonah 1:13 יוֹנָה

Who acts: men, sea · What happens: row, bring, grow · To what, where: tempest, land

This is Jonah 1:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — men, sea — and what happens in the verse to tempest, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 4 chapters of Jonah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיַּחְתְּר֣וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים לְהָשִׁ֛יב אֶל־הַיַּבָּשָׁ֖ה וְלֹ֣א יָכֹ֑לוּ כִּ֣י הַיָּ֔ם הוֹלֵ֥ךְ וְסֹעֵ֖ר עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃

Nevertheless the men rowed hard to bring it to the land; but they could not; for the sea grew more and more tempestuous against them.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יַּחְתְּר֣וּ	cc	and
2	יַּחְתְּר֣וּ	חָתַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they rowed
3	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 אֲנָשִׁ֗ים	det	the
4	אֲנָשִׁ֗ים	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 יַּחְתְּר֣וּ	nsubj	men
5	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	6 הָשִׁ֛יב	case	to
6	הָשִׁ֛יב	שׁוּב	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	2 יַּחְתְּר֣וּ	advcl	bring back
7	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	9 יַּבָּשָׁ֖ה	case	to
8	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 יַּבָּשָׁ֖ה	det	the dry
9	יַּבָּשָׁ֖ה	יַבָּשָׁה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	6 הָשִׁ֛יב	obl	land
10	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 יָכֹ֑לוּ	cc	and
11	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	12 יָכֹ֑לוּ	advmod	not
12	יָכֹ֑לוּ	יָכֹל	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 יַּחְתְּר֣וּ	conj	they were able
13	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	16 הוֹלֵ֥ךְ	mark	(dm)
14	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 יָּ֔ם	det	the
15	יָּ֔ם	יָם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 הוֹלֵ֥ךְ	nsubj	sea
16	הוֹלֵ֥ךְ	הָלַךְ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	2 יַּחְתְּר֣וּ	advcl	[was] going
17	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 סֹעֵ֖ר	cc	and
18	סֹעֵ֖ר	סָעַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	16 הוֹלֵ֥ךְ	conj	storming
19	עֲלֵי	עַל	ADP	_	20 הֶֽם	case	on
20	הֶֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 הוֹלֵ֥ךְ	obl	them
21	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	20 הֶֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	who makes it happen (AA)
יַּחְתְּרוּ they rowed	wayyiqtol · qal	אֲנָשִׁים men
הָשִׁיב bring back	infinitive construct · hiphil		אֲנָשִׁים men
not יָכֹלוּ they were able	qatal · qal	אֲנָשִׁים men
הוֹלֵךְ [was] going	participle active · qal	יָּם sea
סֹעֵר storming	participle active · qal	יָּם sea

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְשָׁיְטִין גַבְרַיָא לַאֲתָבָא לְיַבֶּשְׁתָּא וְלָא יְכִילוּ אֲרֵי יַמָא אָזֵיל וְנַחְשׁוֹלֵיהּ תַּקִיף עֲלֵיהוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Nevertheless the men rowed hard to bring it to the land; but they could not; for the sea grew more and more tempestuous against them.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JON:12.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.1.13/