Joshua 11:4 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: country, sand · What happens: go out, be · To what, where: multitude

This is Joshua 11:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — country, sand — and what happens in the verse to multitude, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֵּצְא֣וּ הֵ֗ם וְכָל־מַֽחֲנֵיהֶם֙ עִמָּ֔ם עַם־רָ֕ב כַּח֛וֹל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־שְׂפַת־הַיָּ֖ם לָרֹ֑ב וְס֥וּס וָרֶ֖כֶב רַב־מְאֹֽד׃

And they went out, they and all their hosts with them, much people, even as the sand that is upon the sea-shore in multitude, with horses and chariots very many.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֵּצְא֣וּ	cc	and
2	יֵּצְא֣וּ	יָצָא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they came out
3	הֵ֗ם	הֵם	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 יֵּצְא֣וּ	nsubj	they
4	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	5 כָל־	cc	and
5	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	3 הֵ֗ם	conj	all
6	מַֽחֲנֵי	מַחֲנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 כָל־	compound:smixut	armies
7	הֶם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 מַֽחֲנֵי	nmod:poss	their
8	עִמּ	עִם	ADP	_	9 ָ֔ם	case	with
9	ָ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 כָל־	nmod	them
10	עַם־	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יֵּצְא֣וּ	parataxis	a people
11	רָ֕ב	רַב	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 עַם־	amod	numerous
12	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	14 ח֛וֹל	case	like
13	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	14 ח֛וֹל	det	the
14	ח֛וֹל	חוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 עַם־	nmod	sand
15	אֲשֶׁ֥ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	17 שְׂפַת־	mark	which
16	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	17 שְׂפַת־	case	[is] on
17	שְׂפַת־	שָׂפָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	14 ח֛וֹל	acl:relcl	the shore
18	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	19 יָּ֖ם	det	of
19	יָּ֖ם	יָם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 שְׂפַת־	compound:smixut	the sea
20	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	21 רֹ֑ב	case	for
21	רֹ֑ב	רֹב	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 ח֛וֹל	nmod	multitude
22	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	23 ס֥וּס	cc	and
23	ס֥וּס	סוּס	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 עַם־	conj	horse[s]
24	וָ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 רֶ֖כֶב	cc	and
25	רֶ֖כֶב	רֶכֶב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	23 ס֥וּס	conj	chariot[s]
26	רַב־	רַב	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	23 ס֥וּס	amod	many
27	מְאֹֽד	מְאֹד	ADV	_	26 רַב־	advmod	very
28	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	27 מְאֹֽד	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
יֵּצְאוּ they came out	wayyiqtol · qal	הֵם they + מַֽחֲנֵי armies

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּנְפָקוּ אִינוּן וְכָל מַשִׁרְיַתְהוֹן עִמְהוֹן עַם סַגִי כְּחָלָא דְעַל כֵּיף יַמָא לִסְגֵי וְסוּסְוַן וּרְתִיכוּן סַגִי לַחֲדָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And they went out, they and all their hosts with them, much people, even as the sand that is upon the sea-shore in multitude, with horses and chariots very many.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:259.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.11.4/