Joshua 22:28 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: we, children, fathers, altar · What happens: say, come, behold, make, be, pattern · To what, where: us, pattern, LORD, witness · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Joshua 22:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, children, fathers, altar — and what happens in the verse to us, pattern, LORD, witness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַנֹּ֕אמֶר וְהָיָ֗ה כִּֽי־יֹאמְר֥וּ אֵלֵ֛ינוּ וְאֶל־דֹּרֹתֵ֖ינוּ מָחָ֑ר וְאָמַ֡רְנוּ רְא֣וּ אֶת־תַּבְנִית֩ מִזְבַּ֨ח יְהוָ֜ה אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֣וּ אֲבוֹתֵ֗ינוּ לֹ֤א לְעוֹלָה֙ וְלֹ֣א לְזֶ֔בַח כִּי־עֵ֣ד ה֔וּא בֵּינֵ֖ינוּ וּבֵינֵיכֶֽם׃

Therefore said we: It shall be, when they so say to us or to our generations in time to come, that we shall say: Behold the pattern of the altar of the LORD, which our fathers made, not for burnt-offering, nor for sacrifice; but it is a witness between us and you.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 נֹּ֕אמֶר	cc	and
2	נֹּ֕אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	root	root	we said
3	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	4 הָיָ֗ה	cc	and
4	הָיָ֗ה	הָיָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 נֹּ֕אמֶר	conj	it will be
5	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	6 יֹאמְר֥וּ	mark	(dm)
6	יֹאמְר֥וּ	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 נֹּ֕אמֶר	advcl	they will say
7	אֵלֵ֛י	אֶל	ADP	_	8 נוּ	case	to
8	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	6 יֹאמְר֥וּ	obl	us
9	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 דֹּרֹתֵ֖י	cc	and
10	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	11 דֹּרֹתֵ֖י	case	to
11	דֹּרֹתֵ֖י	דּוֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	8 נוּ	conj	generations
12	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	11 דֹּרֹתֵ֖י	nmod:poss	our
13	מָחָ֑ר	מָחָר	ADV	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 יֹאמְר֥וּ	advmod	tomorrow
14	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	15 אָמַ֡רְנוּ	cc	and
15	אָמַ֡רְנוּ	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	2 נֹּ֕אמֶר	conj	we will say
16	רְא֣וּ	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2	15 אָמַ֡רְנוּ	ccomp	look at
17	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	18 תַּבְנִית֩	case	(et)
18	תַּבְנִית֩	תַּבְנִית	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	16 רְא֣וּ	obj	the copy
19	מִזְבַּ֨ח	מִזְבֵּחַ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 תַּבְנִית֩	compound:smixut	of the altar
20	יְהוָ֜ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	19 מִזְבַּ֨ח	compound:smixut	of Yahweh
21	אֲשֶׁר־	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	22 עָשׂ֣וּ	mark	which
22	עָשׂ֣וּ	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	18 תַּבְנִית֩	acl:relcl	they made
23	אֲבוֹתֵ֗י	אָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	22 עָשׂ֣וּ	nsubj	ancestors
24	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	23 אֲבוֹתֵ֗י	nmod:poss	our
25	לֹ֤א	לֹא	ADV	_	16 רְא֣וּ	parataxis	not
26	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	27 עוֹלָה֙	case	for
27	עוֹלָה֙	עֹלָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	25 לֹ֤א	obl	burnt offering
28	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	29 לֹ֣א	cc	and
29	לֹ֣א	לֹא	ADV	_	25 לֹ֤א	conj	not
30	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	31 זֶ֔בַח	case	for
31	זֶ֔בַח	זֶבַח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	29 לֹ֣א	obl	sacrifice
32	כִּי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	33 עֵ֣ד	mark	(dm)
33	עֵ֣ד	עֵד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 רְא֣וּ	advcl	[is] a witness
34	ה֔וּא	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	33 עֵ֣ד	nsubj	it
35	בֵּינֵ֖י	בֵּין	ADP	_	36 נוּ	case	between
36	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	33 עֵ֣ד	obl	us
37	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	39 כֶֽם	cc	and
38	בֵינֵי	בֵּין	ADP	_	39 כֶֽם	case	between
39	כֶֽם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	36 נוּ	conj	you
40	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	39 כֶֽם	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
נֹּאמֶר we said	wayyiqtol · qal
יֹאמְרוּ they will say	yiqtol · qal
אָמַרְנוּ we will say	weqatal · qal
not רְאוּ look at	imperative · qal		תַּבְנִית the copy
עָשׂוּ they made	qatal · qal	אֲבוֹתֵי ancestors	תַּבְנִית the copy

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַרְנָא וִיהֵי אֲרֵי יֵימְרוּן לָנָא וּלְדָרָנָא מְחַר וְנֵימַר חֲזוֹ יַת דְמוּת מַדְבְּחָא דַייָ דִי עֲבַדוּ אַבְהָתָנָא לָא לַעֲלָתָא וְלֹא לְנִכְסַת קוּדְשַׁיָא אֲרֵי סָהִיד הוּא בֵּינָנָא וּבֵינֵיכוֹן:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Therefore said we: It shall be, when they so say to us or to our generations in time to come, that we shall say: Behold the pattern of the altar of the LORD, which our fathers made, not for burnt-offering, nor for sacrifice; but it is a witness between us and you.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:602.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.22.28/