Joshua 24:12 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: I, hornet · What happens: send, drive out · To what, where: hornet, men

This is Joshua 24:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, hornet — and what happens in the verse to hornet, men, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וָאֶשְׁלַ֤ח לִפְנֵיכֶם֙ אֶת־הַצִּרְעָ֔ה וַתְּגָ֤רֶשׁ אוֹתָם֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם שְׁנֵ֖י מַלְכֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֑י לֹ֥א בְחַרְבְּךָ֖ וְלֹ֥א בְקַשְׁתֶּֽךָ׃

And I sent the hornet before you, which drove them out from before you, even the two kings of the Amorites; not with thy sword, nor with thy bow.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וָ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 אֶשְׁלַ֤ח	cc	and
2	אֶשְׁלַ֤ח	שָׁלַח	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	root	root	I sent
3	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	4 פְנֵי	case	before
4	פְנֵי	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 אֶשְׁלַ֤ח	obl
5	כֶם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 פְנֵי	nmod:poss	you
6	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	8 צִּרְעָ֔ה	case	(et)
7	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 צִּרְעָ֔ה	det	the
8	צִּרְעָ֔ה	צִרְעָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 אֶשְׁלַ֤ח	obj	hornet
9	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 תְּגָ֤רֶשׁ	cc	and
10	תְּגָ֤רֶשׁ	גָּרַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	2 אֶשְׁלַ֤ח	conj	it drove out
11	אוֹת	אֵת	ADP	_	12 ָם֙	case
12	ָם֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 תְּגָ֤רֶשׁ	obj	them
13	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	14 פְּנֵי	case	from
14	פְּנֵי	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 תְּגָ֤רֶשׁ	obl	before
15	כֶ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs	14 פְּנֵי	nmod:poss	you
16	שְׁנֵ֖י	שְׁנַיִם	NUM	Gender=Masc Number=Dual	17 מַלְכֵ֣י	nummod	the two
17	מַלְכֵ֣י	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	12 ָם֙	appos	the kings
18	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	19 אֱמֹרִ֑י	det	of
19	אֱמֹרִ֑י	אֱמֹרִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 מַלְכֵ֣י	compound:smixut	the Amorite[s]
20	לֹ֥א	לֹא	ADV	_	10 תְּגָ֤רֶשׁ	parataxis	not
21	בְ	בְּ	ADP	_	22 חַרְבּ	case	by
22	חַרְבּ	חֶרֶב	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	20 לֹ֥א	obl	sword
23	ְךָ֖	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	22 חַרְבּ	nmod:poss	your
24	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 לֹ֥א	cc	and
25	לֹ֥א	לֹא	ADV	_	20 לֹ֥א	conj	not
26	בְ	בְּ	ADP	_	27 קַשְׁתּ	case	by
27	קַשְׁתּ	קֶשֶׁת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	25 לֹ֥א	obl	bow
28	ֶֽךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	27 קַשְׁתּ	nmod:poss	your
29	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	28 ֶֽךָ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
אֶשְׁלַח I sent	wayyiqtol · qal		צִּרְעָה hornet
not תְּגָרֶשׁ it drove out	wayyiqtol · piel	צִּרְעָה hornet	ָם them

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּשְׁלָחִית קֳדָמֵיכוֹן יַת עַרְעִיתָא וְתָרְכֵית יַתְהוֹן מִן קֳדָמֵיכוֹן תְּרֵין מַלְכֵי אֱמוֹרָאֵי לָא בְחַרְבָּךְ וְלָא בְקַשְׁתָּךְ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And I sent the hornet before you, which drove them out from before you, even the two kings of the Amorites; not with thy sword, nor with thy bow.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:636.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.24.12/