Joshua 8:1 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: LORD, I · What happens: say, not fear, dismay, take, arise, go up · To what, where: thou, people, Ai, king, hand · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Joshua 8:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, I — and what happens in the verse to thou, people, Ai, king, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ אַל־תִּירָ֣א וְאַל־תֵּחָ֔ת קַ֣ח עִמְּךָ֗ אֵ֚ת כָּל־עַ֣ם הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְק֖וּם עֲלֵ֣ה הָעָ֑י רְאֵ֣ה ׀ נָתַ֣תִּי בְיָדְךָ֗ אֶת־מֶ֤לֶךְ הָעַי֙ וְאֶת־עַמּ֔וֹ וְאֶת־עִיר֖וֹ וְאֶת־אַרְצֽוֹ׃

And the LORD said unto Joshua: 'Fear not, neither be thou dismayed; take all the people of war with thee, and arise, go up to Ai; see, I have given into thy hand the king of Ai, and his people, and his city, and his land.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	cc	and
2	יֹּ֨אמֶר	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	he said
3	יְהוָ֤ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	nsubj	Yahweh
4	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	5 יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙	case	to
5	יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙	יְהֹושֻׁעַ	PROPN	_	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	obl	Joshua
6	אַל־	אַל	ADV	_	7 תִּירָ֣א	advmod	do not
7	תִּירָ֣א	יָרֵא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	2 יֹּ֨אמֶר	ccomp	fear
8	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 תֵּחָ֔ת	cc	and
9	אַל־	אַל	ADV	_	10 תֵּחָ֔ת	advmod	do not
10	תֵּחָ֔ת	חָתַת	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=2	7 תִּירָ֣א	conj	be dismayed
11	קַ֣ח	לָקַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	7 תִּירָ֣א	parataxis	take
12	עִמּ	עִם	ADP	_	13 ְךָ֗	case	with
13	ְךָ֗	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	11 קַ֣ח	obl	you
14	אֵ֚ת	אֵת	ADP	_	15 כָּל־	case	(et)
15	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 קַ֣ח	obj	all
16	עַ֣ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	15 כָּל־	compound:smixut	the people
17	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 מִּלְחָמָ֔ה	det	of (the)
18	מִּלְחָמָ֔ה	מִלְחָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	16 עַ֣ם	compound:smixut	war
19	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 ק֖וּם	cc	and
20	ק֖וּם	קוּם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	7 תִּירָ֣א	conj	arise
21	עֲלֵ֣ה	עָלָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	20 ק֖וּם	parataxis	go up
22	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	23 עָ֑י	det	(the)
23	עָ֑י	עַי	PROPN	_	21 עֲלֵ֣ה	obl	Ai
24	רְאֵ֣ה	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	7 תִּירָ֣א	parataxis	see
25	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	24 רְאֵ֣ה	punct
26	נָתַ֣תִּי	נָתַן	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	24 רְאֵ֣ה	parataxis	I have given
27	בְ	בְּ	ADP	_	28 יָד	case	in
28	יָד	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 נָתַ֣תִּי	obl	hand
29	ְךָ֗	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	28 יָד	nmod:poss	your
30	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	31 מֶ֤לֶךְ	case	(et)
31	מֶ֤לֶךְ	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	26 נָתַ֣תִּי	obj	the king
32	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	33 עַי֙	det	of (the)
33	עַי֙	עַי	PROPN	_	31 מֶ֤לֶךְ	compound:smixut	Ai
34	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	36 עַמּ	cc	and
35	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	36 עַמּ	case	(et)
36	עַמּ	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	31 מֶ֤לֶךְ	conj	people
37	֔וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	36 עַמּ	nmod:poss	his
38	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	40 עִיר	cc	and
39	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	40 עִיר	case	(et)
40	עִיר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	31 מֶ֤לֶךְ	conj	city
41	֖וֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	40 עִיר	nmod:poss	his
42	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	44 אַרְצ	cc	and
43	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	44 אַרְצ	case	(et)
44	אַרְצ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 מֶ֤לֶךְ	conj	land
45	ֽוֹ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	44 אַרְצ	nmod:poss	his
46	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	45 ֽוֹ	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · narrate · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּאמֶר he said	wayyiqtol · qal	יְהוָה Yahweh
not תִּירָא fear	jussive · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua
not תֵּחָת be dismayed	jussive · niphal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua
קַח take	imperative · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua	עַם the people
קוּם arise	imperative · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua
עֲלֵה go up	imperative · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua
רְאֵה see	imperative · qal	יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua
נָתַתִּי I have given	qatal · qal	יְהוָה Yahweh	מֶלֶךְ the king + עַמּ people + עִיר city + אַרְצ land

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲמַר יְיָ לִיהוֹשֻׁעַ לָא תִדְחַל וְלָא תִתְּבַּר דְבַר עִמָךְ יַת כָּל עַמָא עָבְדֵי קְרָבָא וְקוּם סַק לְעָי חֲזֵי דִמְסָרִית בִּידָךְ יַת מַלְכָּא דְעַי וְיַת עַמֵיהּ יַת קַרְתֵּיהּ וְיַת אַרְעֵיהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the LORD said unto Joshua: 'Fear not, neither be thou dismayed; take all the people of war with thee, and arise, go up to Ai; see, I have given into thy hand the king of Ai, and his people, and his city, and his land.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:151.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.1/