Micah 1:8 מִיכָה
Who acts: I · What happens: wail, howl, go, strip, make · To what, where: wailing
This is Micah 1:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I — and what happens in the verse to wailing, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 7 chapters of Micah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
עַל־זֹאת֙ אֶסְפְּדָ֣ה וְאֵילִ֔ילָה אֵילְכָ֥ה שׁוֹלָ֖ל וְעָר֑וֹם אֶעֱשֶׂ֤ה מִסְפֵּד֙ כַּתַּנִּ֔ים וְאֵ֖בֶל כִּבְנ֥וֹת יַעֲנָֽה׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | עַל־ | עַל | ADP | _ | 2 זֹאת֙ | case | on |
| 2 | זֹאת֙ | זֹאת | PRON | Gender=Fem Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 אֶסְפְּדָ֣ה | obl | this |
| 3 | אֶסְפְּדָ֣ה | סָפַד | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1 | root | root | I will lament |
| 4 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 5 אֵילִ֔ילָה | cc | and |
| 5 | אֵילִ֔ילָה | יָלַל | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=1 | 3 אֶסְפְּדָ֣ה | conj | I will wail |
| 6 | אֵילְכָ֥ה | הלך | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1 | 3 אֶסְפְּדָ֣ה | parataxis | I will go |
| 7 | שׁוֹלָ֖ל | שׁוֹלָל | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 6 אֵילְכָ֥ה | advmod | barefoot |
| 8 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 9 עָר֑וֹם | cc | and |
| 9 | עָר֑וֹם | עָרוֹם | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 7 שׁוֹלָ֖ל | amod | naked |
| 10 | אֶעֱשֶׂ֤ה | עָשָׂה | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1 | 3 אֶסְפְּדָ֣ה | parataxis | I will make |
| 11 | מִסְפֵּד֙ | מִסְפֵּד | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 10 אֶעֱשֶׂ֤ה | obj | a lament |
| 12 | כַּ | כְּ | ADP | _ | 14 תַּנִּ֔ים | case | like |
| 13 | ה | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 14 תַּנִּ֔ים | det | (the) |
| 14 | תַּנִּ֔ים | תַּן | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 10 אֶעֱשֶׂ֤ה | obl | jackals |
| 15 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 16 אֵ֖בֶל | cc | and |
| 16 | אֵ֖בֶל | אֵבֶל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 10 אֶעֱשֶׂ֤ה | conj | a mourning |
| 17 | כִּ | כְּ | ADP | _ | 18 בְנ֥וֹת | case | like [the] |
| 18 | בְנ֥וֹת | בַּת | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Plur | 16 אֵ֖בֶל | obl | daughters |
| 19 | יַעֲנָֽה | יַעֲנָה | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 18 בְנ֥וֹת | compound:smixut | of an ostrich |
| 20 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 19 יַעֲנָֽה | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| אֶסְפְּדָה I will lament | yiqtol · qal | ||||
| אֵילִילָה I will wail | cohortative · hiphil | ||||
| אֵילְכָה I will go | yiqtol · qal | ||||
| אֶעֱשֶׂה I will make | cohortative · qal | מִסְפֵּד a lament |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
עַל דָא יִסְפְּדוּן וְיֵלִילוּן יְהָכוּן בְּשׁוּלְלַיָא עַרְטִילָאִין יַעַבְּדוּן מִסְפְּדָא כִּירוֹדִין וְאֵיבְלָא כִּבְנַת נַעֲמִין:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:MIC:7.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.1.8/