Nahum 1:5 נַחוּם

Who acts: mountains, hills · What happens: quake, melt, upheave, dwell · To what, where: earth, presence

This is Nahum 1:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — mountains, hills — and what happens in the verse to earth, presence, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Nahum on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הָרִים֙ רָעֲשׁ֣וּ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְהַגְּבָע֖וֹת הִתְמֹגָ֑גוּ וַתִּשָּׂ֤א הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ מִפָּנָ֔יו וְתֵבֵ֖ל וְכָל־יֹ֥שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃

The mountains quake at Him, and the hills melt; and the earth is upheaved at His presence, yea, the world, and all that dwell therein.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הָרִים֙	הַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 רָעֲשׁ֣וּ	nsubj	mountains
2	רָעֲשׁ֣וּ	רָעַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they quake
3	מִמּ	מִן	ADP	_	4 ֶ֔נּוּ	case	from
4	ֶ֔נּוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 רָעֲשׁ֣וּ	obl	him
5	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 הִתְמֹגָ֑גוּ	cc	and
6	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 גְּבָע֖וֹת	det	the
7	גְּבָע֖וֹת	גִּבְעָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	8 הִתְמֹגָ֑גוּ	nsubj	hills
8	הִתְמֹגָ֑גוּ	מוּג	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HITHPOLEL Number=Plur Person=3	2 רָעֲשׁ֣וּ	conj	they melt
9	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 תִּשָּׂ֤א	cc	and
10	תִּשָּׂ֤א	נָשָׂא	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 רָעֲשׁ֣וּ	conj	it lifted up
11	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	12 אָ֙רֶץ֙	det	the
12	אָ֙רֶץ֙	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 תִּשָּׂ֤א	nsubj	earth
13	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	14 פָּנָ֔י	case	from
14	פָּנָ֔י	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 תִּשָּׂ֤א	obl	before
15	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 פָּנָ֔י	nmod:poss	him
16	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 תֵבֵ֖ל	cc	and [the]
17	תֵבֵ֖ל	תֵּבֵל	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	10 תִּשָּׂ֤א	conj	world
18	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	19 כָל־	cc	and
19	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	17 תֵבֵ֖ל	conj	all
20	יֹ֥שְׁבֵי	יָשַׁב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	19 כָל־	compound:smixut	[those who] dwell
21	ב	בְּ	ADP	_	22 ָֽהּ	case	in
22	ָֽהּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 יֹ֥שְׁבֵי	obl	it
23	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	22 ָֽהּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: speech with no frame
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
רָעֲשׁוּ they quake	qatal · qal	הָרִים mountains
הִתְמֹגָגוּ they melt	qatal · hithpolel	גְּבָעוֹת hills
תִּשָּׂא it lifted up	wayyiqtol · qal	אָרֶץ earth

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

טוּרַיָא זָעוּ מִן קֳדָמוֹהִי וְרָמָתָא אִתְפְּרָקָא וַחֲרוֹכַת אַרְעָא מִן קֳדָמוֹהִי וְתֵבֵל וְכָל דְיָתְבִין בָּהּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

The mountains quake at Him, and the hills melt; and the earth is upheaved at His presence, yea, the world, and all that dwell therein.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:NAM:4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.1.5/