Nahum 1:4 נַחוּם

Who acts: LORD, Bashan, flower · What happens: rebuke, make, dry up, languish · To what, where: sea, rivers

This is Nahum 1:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, Bashan, flower — and what happens in the verse to sea, rivers, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Nahum on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

גּוֹעֵ֤ר בַּיָּם֙ וַֽיַּבְּשֵׁ֔הוּ וְכָל־הַנְּהָר֖וֹת הֶֽחֱרִ֑יב אֻמְלַ֤ל בָּשָׁן֙ וְכַרְמֶ֔ל וּפֶ֥רַח לְבָנ֖וֹן אֻמְלָֽל׃

He rebuketh the sea, and maketh it dry, and drieth up all the rivers; Bashan languisheth, and Carmel, and the flower of Lebanon languisheth.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	גּוֹעֵ֤ר	גָּעַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	root	root	[he is] rebuking
2	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	4 יָּם֙	case	(in)
3	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 יָּם֙	det	the
4	יָּם֙	יָם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 גּוֹעֵ֤ר	obl	sea
5	וַֽ	וְ	CCONJ	_	6 יַּבְּשׁ	cc	and
6	יַּבְּשׁ	יָבֵשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	1 גּוֹעֵ֤ר	conj	he
7	ֵ֔הוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 יַּבְּשׁ	obj	made it dry
8	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 הֶֽחֱרִ֑יב	cc	and
9	כָל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 הֶֽחֱרִ֑יב	obj	all
10	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	11 נְּהָר֖וֹת	det	the
11	נְּהָר֖וֹת	נָהָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	9 כָל־	compound:smixut	rivers
12	הֶֽחֱרִ֑יב	חָרֵב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=3	1 גּוֹעֵ֤ר	conj	he dries up
13	אֻמְלַ֤ל	אָמַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PULAL Number=Sing Person=3	1 גּוֹעֵ֤ר	parataxis	it languishes
14	בָּשָׁן֙	בָּשָׁן	PROPN	_	13 אֻמְלַ֤ל	nsubj	Bashan
15	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 כַרְמֶ֔ל	cc	and
16	כַרְמֶ֔ל	כַּרְמֶל	PROPN	_	14 בָּשָׁן֙	conj	Carmel
17	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 אֻמְלָֽל	cc	and
18	פֶ֥רַח	פֶּרַח	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	20 אֻמְלָֽל	nsubj	the blossom
19	לְבָנ֖וֹן	לְבָנוֹן	PROPN	_	18 פֶ֥רַח	compound:smixut	of Lebanon
20	אֻמְלָֽל	אָמַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PULAL Number=Sing Person=3	1 גּוֹעֵ֤ר	conj	it languishes
21	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	20 אֻמְלָֽל	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
גּוֹעֵר [he is] rebuking	participle active · qal
יַּבְּשׁ he	wayyiqtol · piel		ֵהוּ made it dry
הֶֽחֱרִיב he dries up	qatal · hiphil	נְּהָרוֹת rivers
אֻמְלַל it languishes	qatal · pulal	בָּשָׁן Bashan + כַרְמֶל Carmel
אֻמְלָֽל it languishes	qatal · pulal	פֶרַח the blossom

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

דִנְזִיף בְּיַמָא וּמְיַבֵּשׁ לֵיהּ וְכָל נְהַרְוָתָא מַחֲרֵיב צְדֵי מַתְנָן וְכַרְמֵלָא וְאִילָנֵי לִבְנָן נְתָרוּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

He rebuketh the sea, and maketh it dry, and drieth up all the rivers; Bashan languisheth, and Carmel, and the flower of Lebanon languisheth.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:NAM:3.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.1.4/