Nahum 2:13 נַחוּם

Who acts: lion · What happens: tear, strangle, fill · To what, where: pieces, caves

This is Nahum 2:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — lion — and what happens in the verse to pieces, caves, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Nahum on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

אַרְיֵ֤ה טֹרֵף֙ בְּדֵ֣י גֹֽרוֹתָ֔יו וּמְחַנֵּ֖ק לְלִבְאֹתָ֑יו וַיְמַלֵּא־טֶ֣רֶף חֹרָ֔יו וּמְעֹֽנֹתָ֖יו טְרֵפָֽה׃

The lion did tear in pieces enough for his whelps, and strangled for his lionesses, and filled his caves with prey, and his dens with ravin.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	אַרְיֵ֤ה	אַרְיֵה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 טֹרֵף֙	nsubj	[the] lion
2	טֹרֵף֙	טָרַף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	root	root	[was] tearing
3	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	4 דֵ֣י	case	for
4	דֵ֣י	דַּי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 טֹרֵף֙	obl	the sufficiency
5	גֹֽרוֹתָ֔י	גּוֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	4 דֵ֣י	compound:smixut	its cubs
6	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 גֹֽרוֹתָ֔י	nmod:poss	his
7	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	8 מְחַנֵּ֖ק	cc	and
8	מְחַנֵּ֖ק	חָנַק	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing	2 טֹרֵף֙	conj	[it was] strangling
9	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	10 לִבְאֹתָ֑י	case	for
10	לִבְאֹתָ֑י	לְבָאָה	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 מְחַנֵּ֖ק	obl	lionesses
11	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 לִבְאֹתָ֑י	nmod:poss	its
12	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 יְמַלֵּא־	cc	and
13	יְמַלֵּא־	מָלֵא	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	2 טֹרֵף֙	conj	it filled
14	טֶ֣רֶף	טֶרֶף	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 יְמַלֵּא־	obl	prey
15	חֹרָ֔י	חֹר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	13 יְמַלֵּא־	obj	holes
16	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 חֹרָ֔י	nmod:poss	its
17	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 מְעֹֽנֹתָ֖י	cc	and
18	מְעֹֽנֹתָ֖י	מָעֹון	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 יְמַלֵּא־	conj	dens
19	ו	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 מְעֹֽנֹתָ֖י	nmod:poss	its
20	טְרֵפָֽה	טְרֵיפָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	18 מְעֹֽנֹתָ֖י	obl	torn flesh
21	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	20 טְרֵפָֽה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
טֹרֵף [was] tearing	participle active · qal	אַרְיֵה [the] lion
מְחַנֵּק [it was] strangling	participle active · piel	אַרְיֵה [the] lion
יְמַלֵּא־ it filled	wayyiqtol · piel	אַרְיֵה [the] lion	חֹרָי holes

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

מַלְכַיָא מַיְתָן חֲטוֹף לִנְשֵׁיהוֹן וּבִזַיָא לִבְנֵיהוֹן וּמְמַלָן אוֹצְרֵיהוֹן חֲטוֹף וּבִרְנְיָתֵיהוֹן בִּזָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

The lion did tear in pieces enough for his whelps, and strangled for his lionesses, and filled his caves with prey, and his dens with ravin.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:NAM:26.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.13/