Nahum 3:1 נַחוּם
Who acts: city, prey · What happens: be, not depart
This is Nahum 3:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — city, prey — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Nahum on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
ה֖וֹי עִ֣יר דָּמִ֑ים כֻּלָּ֗הּ כַּ֤חַשׁ פֶּ֙רֶק֙ מְלֵאָ֔ה לֹ֥א יָמִ֖ישׁ טָֽרֶף׃
Woe to the bloody city! It is all full of lies and rapine; the prey departeth not.
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ה֖וֹי | הוֹי | INTJ | _ | root | root | woe to! |
| 2 | עִ֣יר | עִיר | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 1 ה֖וֹי | parataxis | [the] city |
| 3 | דָּמִ֑ים | דָּם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 2 עִ֣יר | compound:smixut | of blood(s) |
| 4 | כֻּלּ | כֹּל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 6 כַּ֤חַשׁ | nsubj | of it |
| 5 | ָ֗הּ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 כֻּלּ | nmod:poss | all |
| 6 | כַּ֤חַשׁ | כַּחַשׁ | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 1 ה֖וֹי | parataxis | lying |
| 7 | פֶּ֙רֶק֙ | פֶּרֶק | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 1 ה֖וֹי | parataxis | plunder |
| 8 | מְלֵאָ֔ה | מלא | ADJ | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 7 פֶּ֙רֶק֙ | amod | [is] full |
| 9 | לֹ֥א | לֹא | ADV | _ | 10 יָמִ֖ישׁ | advmod | not |
| 10 | יָמִ֖ישׁ | מוּשׁ | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 1 ה֖וֹי | parataxis | it will depart |
| 11 | טָֽרֶף | טֶרֶף | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 10 יָמִ֖ישׁ | nsubj | prey |
| 12 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 11 טָֽרֶף | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- yes
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| not יָמִישׁ it will depart | yiqtol · qal | טָֽרֶף prey |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
וַי קַרְתָּא אַשְׁדַת דַם כּוּלָהּ כַּדְבִין בִּזָא מִלַיָא לָא פָסִיק קְטוֹל:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:NAM:28.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.3.1/