Nahum 3:16 נַחוּם

Who acts: Thou, canker worm · What happens: multiply, spread, fly away · To what, where: merchants, stars, worm

This is Nahum 3:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Thou, canker worm — and what happens in the verse to merchants, stars, worm, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Nahum on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

הִרְבֵּית֙ רֹֽכְלַ֔יִךְ מִכּוֹכְבֵ֖י הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם יֶ֥לֶק פָּשַׁ֖ט וַיָּעֹֽף׃

Thou hast multiplied thy merchants above the stars of heaven; the canker-worm spreadeth itself, and flieth away.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	הִרְבֵּית֙	רָבָה	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing Person=2	root	root	you have increased
2	רֹֽכְלַ֔י	רָכַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	1 הִרְבֵּית֙	obj	traders
3	ִךְ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	2 רֹֽכְלַ֔י	nmod:poss	your
4	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	5 כּוֹכְבֵ֖י	case	more
5	כּוֹכְבֵ֖י	כּוֹכָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	1 הִרְבֵּית֙	obl	than the stars
6	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 שָּׁמָ֑יִם	det	of
7	שָּׁמָ֑יִם	שָׁמַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	5 כּוֹכְבֵ֖י	compound:smixut	the heavens
8	יֶ֥לֶק	יֶלֶק	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 פָּשַׁ֖ט	nsubj	a locust
9	פָּשַׁ֖ט	פָּשַׁט	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	1 הִרְבֵּית֙	parataxis	it strips off
10	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 יָּעֹֽף	cc	and
11	יָּעֹֽף	עוּף	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	9 פָּשַׁ֖ט	conj	it flew away
12	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	11 יָּעֹֽף	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
הִרְבֵּית you have increased	qatal · hiphil	רֹֽכְלַי traders
פָּשַׁט it strips off	qatal · qal	יֶלֶק a locust
יָּעֹֽף it flew away	wayyiqtol · qal	יֶלֶק a locust

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

אַסְגֵית תַּגְרֵיךְ מִכּוֹכְבֵי שְׁמַיָא הָא כְּזָחֲלָא דְשָׁלַח וּפָרַח:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Thou hast multiplied thy merchants above the stars of heaven; the canker-worm spreadeth itself, and flieth away.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:NAM:43.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.3.16/